PyGreSQL-3.6.1004075500017500000144000000000001017074172300120775ustar darcyusersPyGreSQL-3.6.1/tutorial004075500017500000144000000000001017074172300137425ustar darcyusersPyGreSQL-3.6.1/tutorial/syscat.py010075500017500000144000000124021017074172300157000ustar darcyusers# syscat.py - parses some system catalogs # inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial # adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE print """ __________________________________________________________________ MODULE SYSCAT.PY : PARSES SOME POSTGRESQL SYSTEM CATALOGS This module is designed for being imported from python prompt In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection using : cnx = syscat.DB(...) The "..." should be replaced with whatever arguments you need to open an existing database. Usually all you need is the name of the database and, in fact, if it is the same as your login name, you can leave it empty. then start the demo with: syscat.demo(cnx) Some results may be empty, depending on your base status." __________________________________________________________________ """ from pg import DB import sys # waits for a key def wait_key(): print "Press " sys.stdin.read(1) # lists all simple indices def list_simple_ind(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT bc.relname AS class_name, ic.relname AS index_name, a.attname FROM pg_class bc, pg_class ic, pg_index i, pg_attribute a WHERE i.indrelid = bc.oid AND i.indexrelid = bc.oid AND i.indkey[0] = a.attnum AND a.attrelid = bc.oid AND i.indproc = '0'::oid AND a.attisdropped = 'f' ORDER BY class_name, index_name, attname""") return result # list all user defined attributes and their type in user-defined classes def list_all_attr(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT c.relname, a.attname, t.typname FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_type t WHERE c.relkind = 'r' and c.relname !~ '^pg_' AND c.relname !~ '^Inv' and a.attnum > 0 AND a.attrelid = c.oid and a.atttypid = t.oid AND a.attisdropped = 'f' ORDER BY relname, attname""") return result # list all user defined base type def list_user_base_type(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT u.usename, t.typname FROM pg_type t, pg_user u WHERE u.usesysid = int2in(int4out(t.typowner)) AND t.typrelid = '0'::oid and t.typelem = '0'::oid AND u.usename <> 'postgres' order by usename, typname""") return result # list all right-unary operators def list_right_unary_operator(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT o.oprname AS right_unary, lt.typname AS operand, result.typname AS return_type FROM pg_operator o, pg_type lt, pg_type result WHERE o.oprkind='r' and o.oprleft = lt.oid AND o.oprresult = result.oid ORDER BY operand""") return result # list all left-unary operators def list_left_unary_operator(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT o.oprname AS left_unary, rt.typname AS operand, result.typname AS return_type FROM pg_operator o, pg_type rt, pg_type result WHERE o.oprkind='l' AND o.oprright = rt.oid AND o.oprresult = result.oid ORDER BY operand""") return result # list all binary operators def list_binary_operator(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT o.oprname AS binary_op, rt.typname AS right_opr, lt.typname AS left_opr, result.typname AS return_type FROM pg_operator o, pg_type rt, pg_type lt, pg_type result WHERE o.oprkind = 'b' AND o.oprright = rt.oid AND o.oprleft = lt.oid AND o.oprresult = result.oid""") return result # returns the name, args and return type from all function of lang l def list_lang_func(pgcnx, l): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT p.proname, p.pronargs, t.typname FROM pg_proc p, pg_language l, pg_type t WHERE p.prolang = l.oid AND p.prorettype = t.oid AND l.lanname = '%s' ORDER BY proname""" % l) return result # lists all the aggregate functions and the type to which they can be applied def list_agg_func(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT p.proname, t.typname FROM pg_aggregate a, pg_proc p, pg_type t WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid and p.proargtypes[0] = t.oid ORDER BY proname, typname""") return result # lists all the operator classes that can be used with each access method as # well as the operators that can be used with the respective operator classes def list_op_class(pgcnx): result = pgcnx.query("""SELECT am.amname, opc.opcname, opr.oprname FROM pg_am am, pg_amop amop, pg_opclass opc, pg_operator opr WHERE amop.amopid = am.oid and amop.amopclaid = opc.oid AND amop.amopopr = opr.oid order by amname, opcname, oprname""") return result # demo function - runs all examples def demo(pgcnx): import sys, os save_stdout = sys.stdout sys.stdout = os.popen("more", "w") print "Listing simple indices ..." print list_simple_ind(pgcnx) print "Listing all attributes ..." print list_all_attr(pgcnx) print "Listing all user-defined base types ..." print list_user_base_type(pgcnx) print "Listing all left-unary operators defined ..." print list_left_unary_operator(pgcnx) print "Listing all right-unary operators defined ..." print list_right_unary_operator(pgcnx) print "Listing all binary operators ..." print list_binary_operator(pgcnx) print "Listing C external function linked ..." print list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'C') print "Listing C internal functions ..." print list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'internal') print "Listing SQL functions defined ..." print list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'sql') print "Listing 'aggregate functions' ..." print list_agg_func(pgcnx) print "Listing 'operator classes' ..." print list_op_class(pgcnx) del sys.stdout sys.stdout = save_stdout PyGreSQL-3.6.1/tutorial/func.py010075500017500000144000000165031017074172300153330ustar darcyusers# func.py - demonstrate the use of SQL functions # inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial # adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE print """ __________________________________________________________________ MODULE FUNC.PY : SQL FUNCTION DEFINITION TUTORIAL This module is designed for being imported from python prompt In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection using : cnx = func.DB(...) The "..." should be replaced with whatever arguments you need to open an existing database. Usually all you need is the name of the database and, in fact, if it is the same as your login name, you can leave it empty. then start the demo with: func.demo(cnx) __________________________________________________________________ """ from pg import DB import sys # waits for a key def wait_key(): print "Press " sys.stdin.read(1) # basic functions declaration def base_func(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Creating SQL Functions on Base Types" print "-- a CREATE FUNCTION statement lets you create a new " print "-- function that can be used in expressions (in SELECT, " print "-- INSERT, etc.). We will start with functions that " print "-- return values of base types." print "-----------------------------" print print "--" print "-- let's create a simple SQL function that takes no arguments" print "-- and returns 1" print print "CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4" print " AS 'SELECT 1 as ONE' LANGUAGE 'sql'" pgcnx.query("""CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4 AS 'SELECT 1 as ONE' LANGUAGE 'sql'""") wait_key() print print "--" print "-- functions can be used in any expressions (eg. in the target" print "-- list or qualifications)" print print "SELECT one() AS answer" print pgcnx.query("SELECT one() AS answer") print print "--" print "-- here's how you create a function that takes arguments. The" print "-- following function returns the sum of its two arguments:" print print "CREATE FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4) RETURNS int4" print " AS 'SELECT $1 + $2' LANGUAGE 'sql'" pgcnx.query("""CREATE FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 AS 'SELECT $1 + $2' LANGUAGE 'sql'""") print print "SELECT add_em(1, 2) AS answer" print pgcnx.query("SELECT add_em(1, 2) AS answer") # functions on composite types def comp_func(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Creating SQL Functions on Composite Types" print "-- it is also possible to create functions that return" print "-- values of composite types." print "-----------------------------" print print "-- before we create more sophisticated functions, let's " print "-- populate an EMP table" print print "CREATE TABLE EMP (" print " name text," print " salary int4," print " age int4," print " dept varchar(16)" print ")" pgcnx.query("""CREATE TABLE EMP ( name text, salary int4, age int4, dept varchar(16))""") print print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Sam', 1200, 16, 'toy')" print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Claire', 5000, 32, 'shoe')" print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Andy', -1000, 2, 'candy')" print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Bill', 4200, 36, 'shoe')" print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Ginger', 4800, 30, 'candy')" pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Sam', 1200, 16, 'toy')") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Claire', 5000, 32, 'shoe')") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Andy', -1000, 2, 'candy')") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Bill', 4200, 36, 'shoe')") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Ginger', 4800, 30, 'candy')") wait_key() print print "-- the argument of a function can also be a tuple. For " print "-- instance, double_salary takes a tuple of the EMP table" print print "CREATE FUNCTION double_salary(EMP) RETURNS int4" print " AS 'SELECT $1.salary * 2 AS salary' LANGUAGE 'sql'" pgcnx.query("""CREATE FUNCTION double_salary(EMP) RETURNS int4 AS 'SELECT $1.salary * 2 AS salary' LANGUAGE 'sql'""") print print "SELECT name, double_salary(EMP) AS dream" print "FROM EMP" print "WHERE EMP.dept = 'toy'" print pgcnx.query("""SELECT name, double_salary(EMP) AS dream FROM EMP WHERE EMP.dept = 'toy'""") print print "-- the return value of a function can also be a tuple. However," print "-- make sure that the expressions in the target list is in the " print "-- same order as the columns of EMP." print print "CREATE FUNCTION new_emp() RETURNS EMP" print " AS 'SELECT \'None\'::text AS name," print " 1000 AS salary," print " 25 AS age," print " \'none\'::varchar(16) AS dept'" print " LANGUAGE 'sql'" pgcnx.query("""CREATE FUNCTION new_emp() RETURNS EMP AS 'SELECT \\\'None\\\'::text AS name, 1000 AS salary, 25 AS age, \\\'none\\\'::varchar(16) AS dept' LANGUAGE 'sql'""") wait_key() print print "-- you can then project a column out of resulting the tuple by" print "-- using the \"function notation\" for projection columns. " print "-- (ie. bar(foo) is equivalent to foo.bar) Note that we don't" print "-- support new_emp().name at this moment." print print "SELECT name(new_emp()) AS nobody" print pgcnx.query("SELECT name(new_emp()) AS nobody") print print "-- let's try one more function that returns tuples" print "CREATE FUNCTION high_pay() RETURNS setof EMP" print " AS 'SELECT * FROM EMP where salary > 1500'" print " LANGUAGE 'sql'" pgcnx.query("""CREATE FUNCTION high_pay() RETURNS setof EMP AS 'SELECT * FROM EMP where salary > 1500' LANGUAGE 'sql'""") print print "SELECT name(high_pay()) AS overpaid" print pgcnx.query("SELECT name(high_pay()) AS overpaid") # function with multiple SQL commands def mult_func(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Creating SQL Functions with multiple SQL statements" print "-- you can also create functions that do more than just a" print "-- SELECT." print "-----------------------------" print print "-- you may have noticed that Andy has a negative salary. We'll" print "-- create a function that removes employees with negative " print "-- salaries." print print "SELECT * FROM EMP" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM EMP") print print "CREATE FUNCTION clean_EMP () RETURNS int4" print " AS 'DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.salary <= 0" print " SELECT 1 AS ignore_this'" print " LANGUAGE 'sql'" pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION clean_EMP () RETURNS int4 AS 'DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.salary <= 0; SELECT 1 AS ignore_this' LANGUAGE 'sql'") print print "SELECT clean_EMP()" print pgcnx.query("SELECT clean_EMP()") print print "SELECT * FROM EMP" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM EMP") # base cleanup def demo_cleanup(pgcnx): print "-- remove functions that were created in this file" print print "DROP FUNCTION clean_EMP()" print "DROP FUNCTION high_pay()" print "DROP FUNCTION new_emp()" print "DROP FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4)" print "DROP FUNCTION one()" print print "DROP TABLE EMP CASCADE" pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION clean_EMP()") pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION high_pay()") pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION new_emp()") pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4)") pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION one()") pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE EMP CASCADE") # main demo function def demo(pgcnx): base_func(pgcnx) comp_func(pgcnx) mult_func(pgcnx) demo_cleanup(pgcnx) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/tutorial/basics.py010075500017500000144000000243631017074172300156470ustar darcyusers#! /usr/bin/env python # basics.py - basic SQL commands tutorial # inspired from the Postgres95 tutorial # adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE print """ __________________________________________________________________ MODULE BASICS.PY : BASIC POSTGRES SQL COMMANDS TUTORIAL This module is designed for being imported from python prompt In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection using : cnx = basics.DB(...) The "..." should be replaced with whatever arguments you need to open an existing database. Usually all you need is the name of the database and, in fact, if it is the same as your login name, you can leave it empty. then start the demo with: basics.demo(cnx) __________________________________________________________________ """ from pg import DB import sys # waits for a key def wait_key(): print "Press " sys.stdin.read(1) # table creation commands def create_table(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Creating a table:" print "-- a CREATE TABLE is used to create base tables. POSTGRES" print "-- SQL has its own set of built-in types. (Note that" print "-- keywords are case-insensitive but identifiers are " print "-- case-sensitive.)" print "-----------------------------" print print "Sending query :" print "CREATE TABLE weather (" print " city varchar(80)," print " temp_lo int," print " temp_hi int," print " prcp float8," print " date date" print ")" pgcnx.query("""CREATE TABLE weather (city varchar(80), temp_lo int, temp_hi int, prcp float8, date date)""") print print "Sending query :" print "CREATE TABLE cities (" print " name varchar(80)," print " location point" print ")" pgcnx.query("""CREATE TABLE cities ( name varchar(80), location point)""") # data insertion commands def insert_data(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Inserting data:" print "-- an INSERT statement is used to insert a new row into" print "-- a table. There are several ways you can specify what" print "-- columns the data should go to." print "-----------------------------" print print "-- 1. the simplest case is when the list of value correspond to" print "-- the order of the columns specified in CREATE TABLE." print print "Sending query :" print "INSERT INTO weather " print " VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '11/27/1994')" pgcnx.query("""INSERT INTO weather VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '11/27/1994')""") print print "Sending query :" print "INSERT INTO cities " print " VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)')" pgcnx.query("""INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)')""") print wait_key() print "-- 2. you can also specify what column the values correspond " print " to. (The columns can be specified in any order. You may " print " also omit any number of columns. eg. unknown precipitation" print " below)" print "Sending query :" print "INSERT INTO weather (city, temp_lo, temp_hi, prcp, date)" print " VALUES ('San Francisco', 43, 57, 0.0, '11/29/1994')" pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO weather (date, city, temp_hi, temp_lo)" \ "VALUES ('11/29/1994', 'Hayward', 54, 37)") # direct selection commands def select_data1(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Retrieving data:" print "-- a SELECT statement is used for retrieving data. The " print "-- basic syntax is:" print "-- SELECT columns FROM tables WHERE predicates" print "-----------------------------" print print "-- a simple one would be the query:" print "SELECT * FROM weather" print print "The result is :" q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM weather") print q print print "-- you may also specify expressions in the target list (the " print "-- 'AS column' specifies the column name of the result. It is " print "-- optional.)" print "The query :" print " SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date " print " FROM weather" print "Gives :" print pgcnx.query("""SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date FROM weather""") print print "-- if you want to retrieve rows that satisfy certain condition" print "-- (ie. a restriction), specify the condition in WHERE. The " print "-- following retrieves the weather of San Francisco on rainy " print "-- days." print "SELECT *" print "FROM weather" print "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' " print " and prcp > 0.0" print pgcnx.query("""SELECT * FROM weather WHERE city = 'San Francisco' AND prcp > 0.0""") print print "-- here is a more complicated one. Duplicates are removed when " print "-- DISTINCT is specified. ORDER BY specifies the column to sort" print "-- on. (Just to make sure the following won't confuse you, " print "-- DISTINCT and ORDER BY can be used separately.)" print "SELECT DISTINCT city" print "FROM weather" print "ORDER BY city;" print pgcnx.query("SELECT DISTINCT city FROM weather ORDER BY city") # selection to a temporary table def select_data2(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Retrieving data into other classes:" print "-- a SELECT ... INTO statement can be used to retrieve " print "-- data into another class." print "-----------------------------" print print "The query :" print "SELECT * INTO TABLE temptab " print "FROM weather" print "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' " print " and prcp > 0.0" pgcnx.query("""SELECT * INTO TABLE temptab FROM weather WHERE city = 'San Francisco' and prcp > 0.0""") print "Fills the table temptab, that can be listed with :" print "SELECT * from temptab" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from temptab") # aggregate creation commands def create_aggregate(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Aggregates" print "-----------------------------" print print "Let's consider the query :" print "SELECT max(temp_lo)" print "FROM weather;" print pgcnx.query("SELECT max(temp_lo) FROM weather") print print "-- Aggregate with GROUP BY" print "SELECT city, max(temp_lo)" print "FROM weather " print "GROUP BY city;" print pgcnx.query( """SELECT city, max(temp_lo) FROM weather GROUP BY city""") # table join commands def join_table(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Joining tables:" print "-- queries can access multiple tables at once or access" print "-- the same table in such a way that multiple instances" print "-- of the table are being processed at the same time." print "-----------------------------" print print "-- suppose we want to find all the records that are in the " print "-- temperature range of other records. W1 and W2 are aliases " print "--for weather." print print "SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo, W1.temp_hi, " print " W2.city, W2.temp_lo, W2.temp_hi" print "FROM weather W1, weather W2" print "WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo " print " and W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi" print print pgcnx.query("""SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo, W1.temp_hi, W2.city, W2.temp_lo, W2.temp_hi FROM weather W1, weather W2 WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo and W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi""") print print "-- let's join two tables. The following joins the weather table" print "-- and the cities table." print print "SELECT city, location, prcp, date" print "FROM weather, cities" print "WHERE name = city" print print pgcnx.query("""SELECT city, location, prcp, date FROM weather, cities WHERE name = city""") print print "-- since the column names are all different, we don't have to " print "-- specify the table name. If you want to be clear, you can do " print "-- the following. They give identical results, of course." print print "SELECT w.city, c.location, w.prcp, w.date" print "FROM weather w, cities c" print "WHERE c.name = w.city;" print print pgcnx.query("""SELECT w.city, c.location, w.prcp, w.date FROM weather w, cities c WHERE c.name = w.city""") # data updating commands def update_data(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Updating data:" print "-- an UPDATE statement is used for updating data. " print "-----------------------------" print print "-- suppose you discover the temperature readings are all off by" print "-- 2 degrees as of Nov 28, you may update the data as follow:" print print "UPDATE weather" print " SET temp_hi = temp_hi - 2, temp_lo = temp_lo - 2" print " WHERE date > '11/28/1994'" print pgcnx.query("""UPDATE weather SET temp_hi = temp_hi - 2, temp_lo = temp_lo - 2 WHERE date > '11/28/1994'""") print print "SELECT * from weather" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather") # data deletion commands def delete_data(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Deleting data:" print "-- a DELETE statement is used for deleting rows from a " print "-- table." print "-----------------------------" print print "-- suppose you are no longer interested in the weather of " print "-- Hayward, you can do the following to delete those rows from" print "-- the table" print print "DELETE FROM weather WHERE city = 'Hayward'" pgcnx.query("DELETE FROM weather WHERE city = 'Hayward'") print print "SELECT * from weather" print print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather") print print "-- you can also delete all the rows in a table by doing the " print "-- following. (This is different from DROP TABLE which removes " print "-- the table in addition to the removing the rows.)" print print "DELETE FROM weather" pgcnx.query("DELETE FROM weather") print print "SELECT * from weather" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather") # table removal commands def remove_table(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Removing the tables:" print "-- DROP TABLE is used to remove tables. After you have" print "-- done this, you can no longer use those tables." print "-----------------------------" print print "DROP TABLE weather, cities, temptab" pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE weather, cities, temptab") # main demo function def demo(pgcnx): create_table(pgcnx) wait_key() insert_data(pgcnx) wait_key() select_data1(pgcnx) select_data2(pgcnx) create_aggregate(pgcnx) join_table(pgcnx) update_data(pgcnx) delete_data(pgcnx) remove_table(pgcnx) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/tutorial/advanced.py010075500017500000144000000153731017074172300161510ustar darcyusers#! /usr/bin/env python # advanced.py - demo of advanced features of PostGres. Some may not be ANSI. # inspired from the Postgres tutorial # adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal Andre print """ __________________________________________________________________ MODULE ADVANCED.PY : ADVANCED POSTGRES SQL COMMANDS TUTORIAL This module is designed for being imported from python prompt In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection using : cnx = advanced.DB(...) The "..." should be replaced with whatever arguments you need to open an existing database. Usually all you need is the name of the database and, in fact, if it is the same as your login name, you can leave it empty. then start the demo with: advanced.demo(cnx) __________________________________________________________________ """ from pg import DB import sys # waits for a key def wait_key(): print "Press " sys.stdin.read(1) # inheritance features def inherit_demo(pgcnx): print "-----------------------------" print "-- Inheritance:" print "-- a table can inherit from zero or more tables. A query" print "-- can reference either all rows of a table or all rows " print "-- of a table plus all of its descendants." print "-----------------------------" print print "-- For example, the capitals table inherits from cities table." print "-- (It inherits all data fields from cities.)" print print "CREATE TABLE cities (" print " name text," print " population float8," print " altitude int" print ")" print print "CREATE TABLE capitals (" print " state varchar(2)" print ") INHERITS (cities)" pgcnx.query("""CREATE TABLE cities ( name text, population float8, altitude int)""") pgcnx.query("""CREATE TABLE capitals ( state varchar(2)) INHERITS (cities)""") wait_key() print print "-- now, let's populate the tables" print print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63)" print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174)" print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953)" print print "INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA')" print "INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI')" print pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63)") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174)") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953)") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Sacramento',3.694E+5,30,'CA')") pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI')") print print "SELECT * FROM cities" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM cities") print "SELECT * FROM capitals" print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM capitals") print print "-- like before, a regular query references rows of the base" print "-- table only" print print "SELECT name, altitude" print "FROM cities" print "WHERE altitude > 500;" print pgcnx.query("""SELECT name, altitude FROM cities WHERE altitude > 500""") print print "-- on the other hand, you can find all cities, including " print "-- capitals, that are located at an altitude of 500 'ft " print "-- or higher by:" print print "SELECT c.name, c.altitude" print "FROM cities* c" print "WHERE c.altitude > 500" print pgcnx.query("""SELECT c.name, c.altitude FROM cities* c WHERE c.altitude > 500""") # arrays attributes def array_demo(pgcnx): print "----------------------" print "-- Arrays:" print "-- attributes can be arrays of base types or user-defined " print "-- types" print "----------------------" print print "CREATE TABLE sal_emp (" print " name text," print " pay_by_quarter int4[]," print " pay_by_extra_quarter int8[]," print " schedule text[][]" print ")" pgcnx.query("""CREATE TABLE sal_emp ( name text, pay_by_quarter int4[], pay_by_extra_quarter int8[], schedule text[][])""") wait_key() print print "-- insert instances with array attributes. " print " Note the use of braces" print print "INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES (" print " 'Bill'," print " '{10000,10000,10000,10000}'," print " '{9223372036854775800,9223372036854775800,9223372036854775800}'," print " '{{\"meeting\", \"lunch\"}, {}}')" print print "INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES (" print " 'Carol'," print " '{20000,25000,25000,25000}'," print " '{9223372036854775807,9223372036854775807,9223372036854775807}'," print " '{{\"talk\", \"consult\"}, {\"meeting\"}}')" print pgcnx.query("""INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES ( 'Bill', '{10000,10000,10000,10000}', '{9223372036854775800,9223372036854775800,9223372036854775800}', '{{\"meeting\", \"lunch\"}, {}}')""") pgcnx.query("""INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES ( 'Carol', '{20000,25000,25000,25000}', '{9223372036854775807,9223372036854775807,9223372036854775807}', '{{\"talk\", \"consult\"}, {\"meeting\"}}')""") wait_key() print print "----------------------" print "-- queries on array attributes" print "----------------------" print print "SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE" print " sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[2]" print print pgcnx.query("""SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[2]""") print print pgcnx.query("""SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE sal_emp.pay_by_extra_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_extra_quarter[2]""") print print "-- retrieve third quarter pay of all employees" print print "SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp" print print pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp") print print "-- retrieve third quarter extra pay of all employees" print print "SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_extra_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp" print pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_extra_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp") print print "-- retrieve first two quarters of extra quarter pay of all employees" print print "SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_extra_quarter[1:2] FROM sal_emp" print print pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_extra_quarter[1:2] FROM sal_emp") print print "-- select subarrays" print print "SELECT sal_emp.schedule[1:2][1:1] FROM sal_emp WHERE" print " sal_emp.name = 'Bill'" print pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.schedule[1:2][1:1] FROM sal_emp WHERE " \ "sal_emp.name = 'Bill'") # base cleanup def demo_cleanup(pgcnx): print "-- clean up (you must remove the children first)" print "DROP TABLE sal_emp" print "DROP TABLE capitals" print "DROP TABLE cities;" pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE sal_emp") pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE capitals") pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE cities") # main demo function def demo(pgcnx): inherit_demo(pgcnx) array_demo(pgcnx) demo_cleanup(pgcnx) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/README010064400017500000144000001217551017074172300130460ustar darcyusers PyGreSQL - v3.6.1: PostgreSQL module for Python =============================================== 0. Copyright notice =================== PyGreSQL, version 3.6.1 A Python interface for PostgreSQL database. Written by D'Arcy J.M. Cain, darcy@druid.net
Based heavily on code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. Copyright (c) 1995, Pascal ANDRE (andre@via.ecp.fr) Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies or in any new file that contains a substantial portion of this file. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS. Further modifications copyright 1997 - 2000 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain (darcy@druid.net) subject to the same terms and conditions as above. Note that as of March 1 2001 the development of PyGreSQL has been moved directly into the PostgreSQL development tree and is subject to the PostgreSQL copyright except where contradicted by the above copyrights in which case the above copyrights apply. 1. Presentation =============== 1.1. Introduction ----------------- PostgreSQL is a database system derived from Postgres4.2. It conforms to (most of) ANSI SQL and offers many interesting capabilities (C dynamic linking for functions or type definition, etc.). This package is copyright by the Regents of the University of California, and is freely distributable. Python is an interpreted programming language. It is object oriented, simple to use (light syntax, simple and straightforward statements), and has many extensions for building GUIs, interfacing with WWW, etc. An intelligent web browser (HotJava like) is currently under development (November 1995), and this should open programmers many doors. Python is copyrighted by Stichting S Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and is freely distributable. PyGreSQL is a python module that interfaces to a PostgreSQL database. It embeds the PostgreSQL query library to allow easy use of the powerful PostgreSQL features from a Python script. PyGreSQL 2.0 was developed and tested on a NetBSD 1.3_BETA system. It is based on the PyGres95 code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. I changed the version to 2.0 and updated the code for Python 1.5 and PostgreSQL 6.2.1. While I was at it I upgraded the code to use full ANSI style prototypes and changed the order of arguments to connect. The latest version of PyGreSQL works with PostgreSQL 7.1.3 and Python 2.1. 1.2. Distribution files ----------------------- README - this file Announce - announcement of this release ChangeLog - changes that affected this package during its history pgmodule.c - the C python module pg.py - PyGreSQL DB class. pgdb.py - DB-SIG DB-API 2.0 compliant API wrapper for PygreSQL tutorial/ - demos directory Content: basics.py, syscat.py, advanced.py, func.py and pgtools.py. The samples here have been taken from the PostgreSQL manual and were used for module testing. They demonstrate some PostgreSQL features. Pgtools.py is an add-in used for demonstration. 1.3. Installation ----------------- * If you are building this from source on most systems you can simply add the flag "--with-python" to the Configure command when building PostgreSQL. This will cause PyGreSQL to be built at the same time. For this to work you must already have built Python as well as the mxDateTime package from http://starship.python.net/~lemburg/mxDateTime.html. * For Linux installation look at README.linux. If you're on an x86 system that uses RPMs, then you can pick up an RPM at ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/pygresql.i386.rpm * Note that if you are using the DB-API module you must also install mxDateTime from http://starship.python.net/~lemburg/mxDateTime.html. * Also, check out setup.py for an alternate method of installing the package. You have two options. You can compile PyGreSQL as a stand-alone module or you can build it into the Python interpreter. GENERAL * You must first have installed Python and PostgreSQL on your system. The header files and developer's libraries for both Python and PostgreSQL must be installed on your system before you can build PyGreSQL. If you built both Python and PostgreSQL from source, you should be fine. If your system uses some package mechanism (such as RPMs or NetBSD packages), then you probably need to install packages such as Python-devel in addition to the Python package. * PyGreSQL is implemented as three parts, a C module labeled _pg and two Python wrappers called pg.py and pgdb.py. This changed between 2.1 and 2.2 and again in 3.0. These changes should not affect any existing programs but the installation is slightly different. * Download and unpack the PyGreSQL tarball if you haven't already done so. STAND-ALONE * In the directory containing pgmodule.c, run the following command cc -fpic -shared -o _pg.so -I[pyInc] -I[pgInc] -L[pgLib] -lpq pgmodule.c where: [pyInc] = path of the Python include (usually Python.h) [pgInc] = path of the PostgreSQL include (usually postgres.h) [pgLib] = path of the PostgreSQL libraries (usually libpq.so or libpq.a) Some options may be added to this line: -DNO_DEF_VAR - no default variables support -DNO_DIRECT - no direct access methods -DNO_LARGE - no large object support -DNO_SNPRINTF - if running a system with no snprintf call -DNO_PQSOCKET - if running an older PostgreSQL On some systems you may need to include -lcrypt in the list of libraries to make it compile. Define NO_PQSOCKET if you are using a version of PostgreSQL before 6.4 that does not have the PQsocket function. The other options will be described in the next sections. * Test the new module. Something like the following should work. $ python >>> import _pg >>> db = _pg.connect('thilo','localhost') >>> db.query("INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ping','pong')") 18304 >>> db.query("SELECT * FROM test") eins|zwei ----+---- ping|pong (1 row) * Finally, move the _pg.so, pg.py, and pgdb.py to a directory in your PYTHONPATH. A good place would be /usr/lib/python1.5/site-python if your Python modules are in /usr/lib/python1.5. BUILT-IN TO PYTHON INTERPRETER * Find the directory where your 'Setup' file lives (usually ??/Modules) in the Python source hierarchy and copy or symlink the 'pgmodule.c' file there. * Add the following line to your Setup file _pg pgmodule.c -I[pgInc] -L[pgLib] -lpq # -lcrypt # needed on some systems where: [pgInc] = path of PostgreSQL include (often /usr/local/include/python1.5) [pgLib] = path of the PostgreSQL libraries (often /usr/local/lib/python1.5) Some options may be added to this line: -DNO_DEF_VAR - no default variables support -DNO_DIRECT - no direct access methods -DNO_LARGE - no large object support -DNO_SNPRINTF - if running a system with no snprintf call -DNO_PQSOCKET - if running an older PostgreSQL Define NO_PQSOCKET if you are using a version of PostgreSQL before 6.4 that does not have the PQsocket function. The other options will be described in the next sections. * If you want a shared module, make sure that the "*shared*" keyword is uncommented and add the above line below it. You used to need to install your shared modules with "make sharedinstall but this no longer seems to be true." * Copy pg.py to the lib directory where the rest of your modules are. For example, that's /usr/local/lib/Python on my system. * Rebuild Python from the root directory of the Python source hierarchy by running 'make -f Makefile.pre.in boot' and 'make && make install' * For more details read the documentation at the top of Makefile.pre.in 1.4. Where to get ... ? ----------------------- The home sites of the different packages are: - Python: http://www.python.org/ - PosgreSQL: http://www.PostgreSQL.org/ - PyGreSQL: http://www.druid.net/pygresql/ A Linux RPM can be picked up from ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/pygresql.i386.rpm. A NetBSD package thould be in the distribution soon and is available at ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/pygresql.pkg.tgz. A WIN32 package is available at http://highqualdev.com/. 1.5. Information and support ---------------------------- If you need information about these packages please check their web sites: - Python: http://www.python.org/ - PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/ - PyGres95: http://www.via.ecp.fr/via/products/pygres.html - PyGreSQL: http://www.druid.net/pygresql/ For support: - Python: newgroup comp.lang.python - PostgreSQL: mailing list (see package documentation for information) - PyGres95: contact me (andre@via.ecp.fr) for bug reports, ideas, remarks I will try to answer as long as my free time allow me to do that. - PyGreSQL: contact me (darcy@druid.net) concerning the changes to 2.x and up. If you would like to proposes changes please join the PyGreSQL mailing list and send context diffs there. See http://www.vex.net/mailman/listinfo/pygresql to join the mailing list. 2. Programming information ========================== You may either choose to use the old, mature interface provided by the 'pg' module or else the newer 'pgdb' interface compliant with DB-API 2.0 specification developed by the Python DB-SIG. The remainder of this chapter and the next chapter describe only the older 'pg' API. As long as PyGreSQL does not contain a description of the DB-API you should read about the API at http://www.python.org/topics/database/DatabaseAPI-2.0.html A tutorial like introduction to the DB-API can be found at http://www2.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue49/2605.html The 'pg' module defines three objects: the pgobject that handles the connection and all the requests to the database, the pglargeobject that handles all the accesses to Postgres large objects and pgqueryobject that handles query results. If you want to see a simple example of the use of some of these functions, see http://www.druid.net/rides/ where I have a link at the bottom to the actual Python code for the page. 2.1. pg module description ---------------------------- The module defines only a few methods that allow to connect to a database and to allow to define "default variables" that override the environment variables used by PostgreSQL. These "default variables" were designed to allow you to handle general connection parameters without heavy code in your programs. You can prompt the user for a value, put it in the default variable, and forget it, without having to modify your environment. The support for default variables can be disabled by setting the -DNO_DEF_VAR option in the Python Setup file. Methods relative to this are specified by te tag [DV]. All variables are set to None at module initialization, specifying that standard environment variables should be used. 2.1.1. connect - opens a pg connection ---------------------------------------- Syntax: connect(dbname, host, port, opt, tty, user, passwd) Parameters: dbname - name of connected database (string/None) host - name of the server host (string/None) port - port used by the database server (integer/-1) opt - connection options (string/None) tty - debug terminal (string/None) user - PostgreSQL user (string/None) passwd - password for user (string/None) Return type: pgobject - the object handling the connection Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments SyntaxError - duplicate argument definition pg.error - some error occurred during pg connection definition (+ all exceptions relative to object allocation) Description: This method opens a connection to a specified database on a given PostgreSQL server. You can use keywords here, as described in the Python tutorial; the names of the keywords are the name of the parameters given in the syntax line. For a precise description of the parameters, please refer to the PostgreSQL user manual. 2.1.2. get_defhost, set_defhost - default server host name handling [DV] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Syntax: get_defhost() Parameters: none Return type: string, None - default host specification Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many arguments Description: This method returns the current default host specification, or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked up. Syntax: set_defhost(host) Parameters: host - new default host (string/None) Return type: string, None - previous default host specification Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments Description: This methods sets the default host value for new connections. If None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future connections. It returns the previous setting for default host. 2.1.3. get_defport, set_defport - default server port handling [DV] ------------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: get_defport() Parameters: none Return type: integer, None - default port specification Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many arguments Description: This method returns the current default port specification, or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked up. Syntax: set_defport(port) Parameters: port - new default port (integer/-1) Return type: integer, None - previous default port specification Description: This methods sets the default port value for new connections. If -1 is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future connections. It returns the previous setting for default port. 2.1.4. get_defopt, set_defopt - default connection options handling [DV] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Syntax: get_defopt() Parameters: none Return type: string, None - default options specification Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many arguments Description: This method returns the current default connection options specification, or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked up. Syntax: set_defopt(options) Parameters: options - new default connection options (string/None) Return type: string, None - previous default options specification Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments Description: This methods sets the default connection options value for new connections. If None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future connections. It returns the previous setting for default options. 2.1.5. get_deftty, set_deftty - default connection debug tty handling [DV] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: get_deftty() Parameters: none Return type: string, None - default debug terminal specification Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many arguments Description: This method returns the current default debug terminal specification, or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked up. Syntax: set_deftty(terminal) Parameters: terminal - new default debug terminal (string/None) Return type: string, None - previous default debug terminal specification Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments Description: This methods sets the default debug terminal value for new connections. If None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future connections. It returns the previous setting for default terminal. 2.1.6. get_defbase, set_defbase - default database name handling [DV] --------------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: get_defbase() Parameters: none Return type: string, None - default database name specification Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many arguments Description: This method returns the current default database name specification, or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked up. Syntax: set_defbase(base) Parameters: base - new default base name (string/None) Return type: string, None - previous default database name specification Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments Description: This method sets the default database name value for new connections. If None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future connections. It returns the previous setting for default host. 2.1.7. Module constants ----------------------- Some constants are defined in the module dictionary. They are intended to be used as parameters for methods calls. You should refer to PostgreSQL user manual for more information about them. These constants are: - large objects access modes, used by (pgobject.)locreate and (pglarge.)open: (pg.)INV_READ, (pg.)INV_WRITE - positional flags, used by (pglarge.)seek: (pg.)SEEK_SET, (pg.)SEEK_CUR, (pg.)SEEK_END. - version and __version__ constants that give the current version. 2.1.9. 2.1.10. Miscellaneous attributes The following methods return information about the current connection. - 2.2. pgobject description --------------------------- This object handle a connection to a PostgreSQL database. It embeds and hides all the parameters that define this connection, thus just leaving really significant parameters in function calls. Some methods give direct access to the connection socket. They are specified by the tag [DA]. DO NOT USE THEM UNLESS YOU REALLY KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING. If you prefer disabling them, set the -DNO_DIRECT option in the Python Setup file. Some other methods give access to large objects (refer to PostgreSQL user manual for more information about these). if you want to forbid access to these from the module, set the -DNO_LARGE option in the Python Setup file. These methods are specified by the tag [LO]. 2.2.1. query - executes a SQL command string -------------------------------------------- Syntax: query(command) Parameters: command - SQL command (string) Return type: pgqueryobject, None - result values Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments. ValueError - empty SQL query pg.error - error during query processing, or invalid connection Description: This method simply sends a SQL query to the database. If the query is an insert statement, the return value is the OID of the newly inserted row. If it is otherwise a query that does not return a result (ie. is not a some kind of SELECT statement), it returns None. Otherwise, it returns a pgqueryobject that can be accessed via the getresult or dictresult method or simply printed. pgqueryobject methods --------------------- 2.2.1.1. getresult - gets the values returned by the query ------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: getresult() Parameters: none Return type: list - result values Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many parameters pg.error - invalid previous result Description: This method returns the list of the values returned by the query. More information about this result may be accessed using listfields, fieldname and fieldnum methods. 2.2.1.2. dictresult - like getresult but returns list of dictionaries --------------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: dictresult() Parameters: none Return type: list - result values as a dictionary Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many parameters pg.error - invalid previous result Description: This method returns the list of the values returned by the query with each tuple returned as a dictionary with the field names used as the dictionary index. 2.2.1.3. listfields - lists the fields names of the previous query result ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: listfields() Parameters: none Return type: list - fields names Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many parameters pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection Description: This method returns the list of names of the fields defined for the query result. The fields are in the same order as the result values. 2.2.1.4. fieldname, fieldnum - field name-number conversion --------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: fieldname(i) Parameters: i - field number (integer) Return type: string - field name Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters ValueError - invalid field number pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection Description: This method allows to find a field name from its rank number. It can be useful for displaying a result. The fields are in the same order as the result values. Syntax: fieldnum(name) Parameters: name - field name (string) Return type: integer - field number Exceptions raised: TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters ValueError - unknown field name pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection Description: This method returns a field number from its name. It can be used to build a function that converts result list strings to their correct type, using a hardcoded table definition. The number returned is the field rank in the result values list. 2.2.1.5 ntuples - return number of tuples in query object --------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: ntuples() Parameters: None Return type: integer Description: This method returns the number of tuples found in a query. 2.2.2. reset - resets the connection ------------------------------------ Syntax: reset() Parameters: None Return type: None Exceptions raised: TypeError - too many (any) arguments Description: This method resets the current database. 2.2.3. close - close the database connection -------------------------------------------- Syntax: close() Parameters: none Return type: None Exceptions raised: TypeError - too many (any) arguments Description: This method closes the database connection. The connection will be closed in any case when the connection is deleted but this allows you to explicitly close it. It is mainly here to allow the DB-SIG API wrapper to implement a close function. 2.2.4. fileno - returns the socket used to connect to the database ------------------------------------------------------------------ Syntax: fileno() Parameters: none Exceptions raised: TypeError - too many (any) arguments Description: This method returns the underlying socket id used to connect to the database. This is useful for use in select calls, etc. Note: This function depends on having a recent version of the database. See "-DNO_PQSOCKET" described above. 2.2.5. getnotify - gets the last notify from the server ------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: getnotify() Parameters: none Return type: tuple, None - last notify from server Exceptions raised: SyntaxError - too many parameters pg.error - invalid connection Description: This methods try to get a notify from the server (from the SQL statement NOTIFY). If the server returns no notify, the methods returns None. Otherwise, it returns a tuple (couple) (relname, pid), where relname is the name of the notify and pid the process id of the connection that triggered the notify. Remember to do a listen query first otherwise getnotify will always return None. 2.2.6. inserttable - insert a list into a table ----------------------------------------------- Syntax: inserttable(table, values) Parameters: table - the table name (string) values - list of rows values (list) Return type: None Exception raised: pg.error - invalid connection TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments Description: This method allow to quickly insert large blocks of data in a table: it inserts the whole values list into the given table. The list is a list of tuples/lists that define the values for each inserted row. The rows values may contain string, integer, long or double (real) values. BE VERY CAREFUL: this method doesn't typecheck the fields according to the table definition; it just look whether or not it knows how to handle such types. 2.2.7. putline - writes a line to the server socket [DA] -------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: putline(line) Parameters: line - line to be written (string) Return type: None Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters Description: This method allows to directly write a string to the server socket. 2.2.8. getline - gets a line from server socket [DA] ---------------------------------------------------- Syntax: getline() Parameters: none Return type: string - the line read Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection SyntaxError - too many parameters Description: This method allows to directly read a string from the server socket. 2.2.9. endcopy - synchronizes client and server [DA] ---------------------------------------------------- Syntax: endcopy() Parameters: none Return type: None Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection SyntaxError - too many parameters Description: The use of direct access methods may desynchonize client and server. This method ensure that client and server will be synchronized. 2.2.10. locreate - creates of large object in the database [LO] --------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: locreate(mode) Parameters: mode - large object create mode Return type: pglarge - object handling the postgres large object Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection, or creation error TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters Description: This method creates a large object in the database. The mode can be defined by OR-ing the constants defined in the pg module (INV_READ, INV_WRITE and INV_ARCHIVE). Please refer to PostgreSQL user manual for a description of the mode values. 2.2.11. getlo - builds a large object from given oid [LO] --------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: getlo(oid) Parameters: oid - oid of the existing large object (integer) Return type: pglarge - object handling the postgres large object Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters ValueError - bad oid value (0 is invalid_oid) Description: This method allows to reuse a formerly created large object through the pglarge interface, providing the user have its oid. 2.2.12. loimport - import a file to a postgres large object [LO] ---------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: loimport(name) Parameters: name - the name of the file to be imported (string) Return type: pglarge - object handling the postgres large object Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection, or error during file import TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments Description: This methods allows to create large objects in a very simple way. You just give the name of a file containing the data to be use. 2.2.13. pgobject attributes ----------------------------- Every pgobject defines a set of read-only attributes that describe the connection and its status. These attributes are: host - the hostname of the server (string) port - the port of the server (integer) db - the selected database (string) options - the connection options (string) tty - the connection debug terminal (string) user - the username on the database system (string) status - the status of the connection (integer: 1 - OK, 0 - BAD) error - the last warning/error message from the server (string) 2.3. pglarge description -------------------------- This object handles all the request concerning a postgres large object. It embeds and hides all the 'recurrent' variables (object oid and connection), exactly in the same way pgobjects do, thus only keeping significant parameters in function calls. It keeps a reference to the pgobject used for its creation, sending requests though with its parameters. Any modification but dereferencing the pgobject will thus affect the pglarge object. Dereferencing the initial pgobject is not a problem since Python won't deallocate it before the large object dereference it. All functions return a generic error message on call error, whatever the exact error was. The 'error' attribute of the object allow to get the exact error message. 2.3.1. open - opens a large object ---------------------------------- Syntax: open(mode) Parameters: mode - open mode definition (integer) Return type: None Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters IOError - already opened object, or open error Description: This method opens a large object for reading/writing, in the same way than the UNIX open() function. The mode value can be obtained by OR-ing the constants defined in the pgmodule (INV_READ, INV_WRITE). 2.3.2. close - closes a large object ------------------------------------ Syntax: close() Parameters: none Return type: None Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection SyntaxError - too many parameters IOError - object is not opened, or close error Description: This method closes a previously opened large object, in the same way than the UNIX close() function. 2.3.4. read, write, tell, seek, unlink - file like large object handling ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Syntax: read(size) Parameters: size - maximal size of the buffer to be read Return type: sized string - the read buffer Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters IOError - object is not opened, or read error Description: This function allows to read data from a large object, starting at current position. Syntax: write(string) Parameters: (sized) string - buffer to be written Return type: None Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters IOError - object is not opened, or write error Description: This function allows to write data to a large object, starting at current position. Syntax: seek(offset, whence) Parameters: offset - position offset whence - positional parameter Return type: integer - new position in object Exception raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters IOError - object is not opened, or seek error Description: This method allows to move the position cursor in the large object. The whence parameter can be obtained by OR-ing the constants defined in the pg module (SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END). Syntax: tell() Parameters: none Return type: integer - current position in large object Exception raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object SyntaxError - too many parameters IOError - object is not opened, or seek error Description: This method allows to get the current position in the large object. Syntax: unlink() Parameter: none Return type: None Exception raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object SyntaxError - too many parameters IOError - object is not closed, or unlink error Description: This methods unlinks (deletes) the postgres large object. 2.3.5. size - gives the large object size ----------------------------------------- Syntax: size() Parameters: none Return type: integer - large object size Exceptions raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object SyntaxError - too many parameters IOError - object is not opened, or seek/tell error Description: This (composite) method allows to get the size of a large object. Currently the large object needs to be opened. It was implemented because this function is very useful for a WWW interfaced database. 2.3.6. export - saves a large object to a file ---------------------------------------------- Syntax: export(name) Parameters: name - file to be created Return type: None Exception raised: pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters IOError - object is not closed, or export error Description: This methods allows to dump the content of a large object in a very simple way. The exported file is created on the host of the program, not the server host. 2.3.7. Object attributes ------------------------ pglarge objects define a read-only set of attributes that allow to get some information about it. These attributes are: oid - the oid associated with the object pgcnx - the pgobject associated with the object error - the last warning/error message of the connection BE CAREFUL: in multithreaded environments, 'error' may be modified by another thread using the same pgobject. Remember these object are shared, not duplicated. You should provide some locking to be able if you want to check this. The oid attribute is very interesting because it allow you reuse the oid later, creating the pglarge object with a pgobject getlo() method call. 3. The pg wrapper ================ The previous functions are wrapped in a module called pg. The module has a class called DB. The above functions are also included in the name space so it isn't necessary to import both modules. The preferred way to use this module is as follows. import pg db = pg.DB(...) # See description of the initialization method below. The following describes the methods and variables of this class. 3.1. Initialization ------------------- The DB class is initialized with the same arguments as the connect method described in section 2. It also initializes a few internal variables. The statement 'db = DB()' will open the local database with the name of the user just like connect() does. 3.2. pkey --------- Syntax: pkey(table) Parameters: table - name of table Returns: Name of field which is the primary key of the table. Description: This method returns the primary key of a table. Note that this raises an exception if the table doesn't have a primary key. 3.3. get_databases - get list of databases in the system -------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: get_databases() Parameters: none Returns: list of databases in the system Description: Although you can do this with a simple select, it is added here for convenience 3.4. get_tables - get list of tables in connected database ---------------------------------------------------------- Syntax: get_tables() Parameters: none Returns: list of tables in connected database 3.5. get_attnames ----------------- Syntax: get_attnames(table) Parameters: table - name of table Returns: Dictionary of attribute names (the names are the keys, the values are the names of the attributes' types) Description: Given the name of a table, digs out the set of attribute names. 3.6. get - get a tuple from a database table -------------------------------------------- Syntax: get(table, arg, [keyname]) Parameters: table - name of table arg - either a dictionary or the value to be looked up keyname - name of field to use as key (optional) Returns: A dictionary mapping attribute names to row values. Description: This method is the basic mechanism to get a single row. It assumes that the key specifies a unique row. If keyname is not specified then the primary key for the table is used. If arg is a dictionary then the value for the key is taken from it and it is modified to include the new values, replacing existing values where necessary. The oid is also put into the dictionary but in order to allow the caller to work with multiple tables, the attribute name is munged to make it unique. It consists of the string "oid_" followed by the name of the table. 3.7. insert - insert a tuple into a database table -------------------------------------------------- Syntax: insert(table, a) Parameters: table - name of table a - a dictionary of values Returns: The OID of the newly inserted row. Description: This method inserts values into the table specified filling in the values from the dictionary. It then reloads the dictionary with the values from the database. This causes the dictionary to be updated with values that are modified by rules, triggers, etc. Due to the way that this function works you will find inserts taking longer and longer as your table gets bigger. To overcome this problem simply add an index onto the OID of any table that you think may get large over time. 3.8. update ----------- Syntax: update(table, a) Parameters: table - name of table a - a dictionary of values Returns: A dictionary with the new row Description: Similar to insert but updates an existing row. The update is based on the OID value as munged by get. The array returned is the one sent modified to reflect any changes caused by the update due to triggers, rules, defaults, etc. 3.9. clear ---------- Syntax: clear(table, [a]) Parameters: table - name of table a - a dictionary of values Returns: A dictionary with an empty row Description: This method clears all the attributes to values determined by the types. Numeric types are set to 0, dates are set to 'TODAY' and everything else is set to the empty string. If the array argument is present, it is used as the array and any entries matching attribute names are cleared with everything else left unchanged. 3.8. delete ----------- Syntax: delete(table, a) Parameters: table - name of table a - a dictionary of values Returns: None Description: This method deletes the row from a table. It deletes based on the OID as munged as described above. 4. DB-API reference =================== This section needs to be written. 5. Todo ======= The large object and direct access functions need much more attention. An update query should return the number of rows affected. The C module needs to be cleaned up and redundant code merged. The DB-API module needs to be documented. The fetch method should use real cursors. 6. Future directions ==================== Users should be able to register their own types with _pg. I would like a new method that returns a dictionary of dictionaries from a SELECT. PyGreSQL-3.6.1/setup.py010075500017500000144000000040771017074172300137000ustar darcyusers#!/usr/bin/env python # $Id: setup.py,v 1.13 2005/01/11 12:13:38 darcy Exp $ # Setup script for the PyGreSQL version 3 # created 2000/04 Mark Alexander # tweaked 2000/05 Jeremy Hylton # win32 support 2001/01 Gerhard Haering # requires distutils; standard in Python 1.6, otherwise download from # http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/download.html # You may have to change the first 3 variables (include_dirs, # library_dirs, optional_libs) to match your postgres distribution. # Now, you can: # python setup.py build # to build the module # python setup.py install # to install it # See http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/doc/ for more information # on using distutils to install Python programs. from distutils.core import setup from distutils.extension import Extension import sys, os def getconfig(s): f = os.popen("pg_config --%s"% (s)) x = f.readline().strip() f.close() return x if sys.platform == "win32": # If you want to build from source; you must have built a win32 native libpq # before and copied libpq.dll into the PyGreSQL root directory. win_pg_build_root = 'd:/dev/pg/postgresql-7.0.2/' include_dirs=[ win_pg_build_root + 'src/include', win_pg_build_root + '/src/include/libpq', win_pg_build_root + 'src', win_pg_build_root + 'src/interfaces/libpq' ] library_dirs=[ win_pg_build_root + 'src/interfaces/libpq/Release' ] optional_libs=[ 'libpqdll', 'wsock32', 'advapi32' ] data_files = [ 'libpq.dll' ] else: include_dirs=[getconfig ('includedir'),getconfig('includedir-server')] library_dirs=[getconfig('libdir')] optional_libs=['pq'] data_files = [] setup (name = "PyGreSQL", version = "3.6.1", description = "Python PostgreSQL Interfaces", author = "D'Arcy J. M. Cain", author_email = "darcy@PyGreSQL.org", url = "http://www.pygresql.org/", license = "Python", py_modules = ['pg', 'pgdb'], ext_modules = [ Extension( name='_pg', sources = ['pgmodule.c'], include_dirs = include_dirs, library_dirs = library_dirs, libraries = optional_libs, )], data_files = data_files ) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/pgmodule.c010064400017500000144000002275421017074172300141470ustar darcyusers/* * $Id: pgmodule.c,v 1.56 2005/01/11 12:13:38 darcy Exp $ * PyGres, version 2.2 A Python interface for PostgreSQL database. Written by * D'Arcy J.M. Cain, (darcy@druid.net). Based heavily on code written by * Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. Copyright (c) 1995, Pascal Andre * (andre@via.ecp.fr). * * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its * documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written * agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and * this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies or in * any new file that contains a substantial portion of this file. * * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, * SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE * AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE * AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, * ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS. * * Further modifications copyright 1997, 1998, 1999 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain * (darcy@druid.net) subject to the same terms and conditions as above. * */ #include #include "postgres.h" #include "libpq-fe.h" #include "libpq/libpq-fs.h" #include "catalog/pg_type.h" #include #include #include /* PyObject_Del does not exist in older versions of Python. */ #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x01060000 #define PyObject_Del(op) PyMem_DEL((op)) #endif static PyObject *Error, *Warning, *InterfaceError, *DatabaseError, *InternalError, *OperationalError, *ProgrammingError, *IntegrityError, *DataError, *NotSupportedError; static const char *PyPgVersion = "3.6.1"; /* taken from fileobject.c */ #define BUF(v) PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)(v)) /* default values */ #define MODULE_NAME "pgsql" #define ARRAYSIZE 1 /* flags for object validity checks */ #define CHECK_OPEN 1 #define CHECK_CLOSE 2 #define CHECK_CNX 4 #define CHECK_RESULT 8 #define CHECK_DQL 16 /* query result types */ #define RESULT_EMPTY 1 #define RESULT_DML 2 #define RESULT_DDL 3 #define RESULT_DQL 4 /* flags for move methods */ #define QUERY_MOVEFIRST 1 #define QUERY_MOVELAST 2 #define QUERY_MOVENEXT 3 #define QUERY_MOVEPREV 4 /* moves names for errors */ const char *__movename[5] = {"", "movefirst", "movelast", "movenext", "moveprev"}; #define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 8192 /* maximum transaction size */ #ifndef NO_DIRECT #define DIRECT_ACCESS 1 /* enables direct access functions */ #endif /* NO_DIRECT */ #ifndef NO_LARGE #define LARGE_OBJECTS 1 /* enables large objects support */ #endif /* NO_LARGE */ #ifndef NO_DEF_VAR #define DEFAULT_VARS 1 /* enables default variables use */ #endif /* NO_DEF_VAR */ #ifdef MS_WIN32 #define NO_SNPRINTF 1 #endif /* In 7.4 PQfreeNotify was deprecated and PQfreemem is used instead. A macro exists in 7.4 for backwards compatibility. */ #ifndef PQfreeNotify /* must be earlier than 7.4 */ #define PQfreemem PQfreeNotify #endif /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* MODULE GLOBAL VARIABLES */ #ifdef DEFAULT_VARS static PyObject *pg_default_host; /* default database host */ static PyObject *pg_default_base; /* default database name */ static PyObject *pg_default_opt; /* default connection options */ static PyObject *pg_default_tty; /* default debug tty */ static PyObject *pg_default_port; /* default connection port */ static PyObject *pg_default_user; /* default username */ static PyObject *pg_default_passwd; /* default password */ #endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */ DL_EXPORT(void) init_pg(void); int *get_type_array(PGresult *result, int nfields); /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* OBJECTS DECLARATION */ /* pg connection object */ typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD int valid; /* validity flag */ PGconn *cnx; /* PostGres connection handle */ PGresult *last_result; /* last result content */ } pgobject; staticforward PyTypeObject PgType; #define is_pgobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgType) static PyObject * pgobject_New(void) { pgobject *pgobj; if ((pgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgobject, &PgType)) == NULL) return NULL; pgobj->valid = 1; pgobj->last_result = NULL; pgobj->cnx = NULL; return (PyObject *) pgobj; } /* pg query object */ typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD PGresult *last_result; /* last result content */ int result_type; /* type of previous result */ long current_pos; /* current position in last result */ long num_rows; /* number of (affected) rows */ } pgqueryobject; staticforward PyTypeObject PgQueryType; #define is_pgqueryobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgQueryType) /* pg source object */ typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD int valid; /* validity flag */ pgobject *pgcnx; /* parent connection object */ PGresult *last_result; /* last result content */ int result_type; /* result type (DDL/DML/DQL) */ long arraysize; /* array size for fetch method */ int current_row; /* current selected row */ int max_row; /* number of rows in the result */ int num_fields; /* number of fields in each row */ } pgsourceobject; staticforward PyTypeObject PgSourceType; #define is_pgsourceobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgSourceType) #ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS /* pg large object */ typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD pgobject * pgcnx; /* parent connection object */ Oid lo_oid; /* large object oid */ int lo_fd; /* large object fd */ } pglargeobject; staticforward PyTypeObject PglargeType; #define is_pglargeobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PglargeType) #endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */ /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* INTERNAL FUNCTIONS */ /* checks connection validity */ static int check_cnx_obj(pgobject * self) { if (!self->valid) { PyErr_SetString(IntegrityError, "connection has been closed"); return 0; } return 1; } #ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS /* checks large object validity */ static int check_lo_obj(pglargeobject * self, int level) { if (!check_cnx_obj(self->pgcnx)) return 0; if (!self->lo_oid) { PyErr_SetString(IntegrityError, "object is not valid (null oid)."); return 0; } if (level & CHECK_OPEN) { if (self->lo_fd < 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "object is not opened."); return 0; } } if (level & CHECK_CLOSE) { if (self->lo_fd >= 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "object is already opened."); return 0; } } return 1; } #endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */ /* checks source object validity */ static int check_source_obj(pgsourceobject * self, int level) { if (!self->valid) { PyErr_SetString(IntegrityError, "object has been closed"); return 0; } if ((level & CHECK_RESULT) && self->last_result == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(DatabaseError, "no result."); return 0; } if ((level & CHECK_DQL) && self->result_type != RESULT_DQL) { PyErr_SetString(DatabaseError, "last query did not return tuples."); return 0; } if ((level & CHECK_CNX) && !check_cnx_obj(self->pgcnx)) return 0; return 1; } /* shared functions for converting PG types to Python types */ int * get_type_array(PGresult *result, int nfields) { int *typ; int j; if ((typ = malloc(sizeof(int) * nfields)) == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "memory error in getresult()."); return NULL; } for (j = 0; j < nfields; j++) { switch (PQftype(result, j)) { case INT2OID: case INT4OID: typ[j] = 1; break; case INT8OID: case OIDOID: typ[j] = 2; break; case FLOAT4OID: case FLOAT8OID: case NUMERICOID: typ[j] = 3; break; case CASHOID: typ[j] = 4; break; default: typ[j] = 5; break; } } return typ; } /* prototypes for constructors */ static pgsourceobject *pgsource_new(pgobject * pgcnx); /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* PG SOURCE OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */ /* constructor (internal use only) */ static pgsourceobject * pgsource_new(pgobject * pgcnx) { pgsourceobject *npgobj; /* allocates new query object */ if ((npgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgsourceobject, &PgSourceType)) == NULL) return NULL; /* initializes internal parameters */ Py_XINCREF(pgcnx); npgobj->pgcnx = pgcnx; npgobj->last_result = NULL; npgobj->valid = 1; npgobj->arraysize = ARRAYSIZE; return npgobj; } /* destructor */ static void pgsource_dealloc(pgsourceobject * self) { if (self->last_result) PQclear(self->last_result); Py_XDECREF(self->pgcnx); PyObject_Del(self); } /* closes object */ static char pgsource_close__doc__[] = "close() -- close query object without deleting it. " "All instances of the query object can no longer be used after this call."; static PyObject * pgsource_close(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "method close() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } /* frees result if necessary and invalidates object */ if (self->last_result) { PQclear(self->last_result); self->result_type = RESULT_EMPTY; self->last_result = NULL; } self->valid = 0; /* return None */ Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* database query */ static char pgsource_execute__doc__[] = "execute(sql) -- execute a SQL statement (string).\n " "On success, this call returns the number of affected rows, " "or None for DQL (SELECT, ...) statements.\n" "The fetch (fetch(), fetchone() and fetchall()) methods can be used " "to get result rows."; static PyObject * pgsource_execute(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *query; const char *temp; long num_rows; /* checks validity */ if (!check_source_obj(self, CHECK_CNX)) return NULL; /* make sure that the connection object is valid */ if (!self->pgcnx->cnx) return NULL; /* get query args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &query)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "execute(sql), with sql (string)."); return NULL; } /* frees previous result */ if (self->last_result) { PQclear(self->last_result); self->last_result = NULL; } self->max_row = 0; self->current_row = 0; self->num_fields = 0; /* gets result */ Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS self->last_result = PQexec(self->pgcnx->cnx, query); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS /* checks result validity */ if (!self->last_result) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->pgcnx->cnx)); return NULL; } /* checks result status */ switch (PQresultStatus(self->last_result)) { /* query succeeded */ case PGRES_TUPLES_OK: /* DQL: returns None (DB-SIG compliant) */ self->result_type = RESULT_DQL; self->max_row = PQntuples(self->last_result); self->num_fields = PQnfields(self->last_result); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; case PGRES_COMMAND_OK: /* other requests */ case PGRES_COPY_OUT: case PGRES_COPY_IN: self->result_type = RESULT_DDL; temp = PQcmdTuples(self->last_result); num_rows = 1; if (temp[0] != 0) { self->result_type = RESULT_DML; num_rows = atol(temp); } return PyInt_FromLong(num_rows); /* query failed */ case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY: PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty query."); break; case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE: case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR: case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR: PyErr_SetString(ProgrammingError, PQerrorMessage(self->pgcnx->cnx)); break; default: PyErr_SetString(InternalError, "internal error: " "unknown result status."); break; } /* frees result and returns error */ PQclear(self->last_result); self->last_result = NULL; self->result_type = RESULT_EMPTY; return NULL; } /* gets oid status for last query (valid for INSERTs, 0 for other) */ static char pgsource_oidstatus__doc__[] = "oidstatus() -- return oid of last inserted row (if available)."; static PyObject * pgsource_oidstatus(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { long oid; /* checks validity */ if (!check_source_obj(self, CHECK_RESULT)) return NULL; /* checks args */ if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method oidstatus() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* retrieves oid status */ if ((oid = PQoidValue(self->last_result)) == InvalidOid) oid = 0; return PyInt_FromLong(oid); } /* fetches rows from last result */ static char pgsource_fetch__doc__[] = "fetch(num) -- return the next num rows from the last result in a list. " "If num parameter is omitted arraysize attribute value is used. " "If size equals -1, all rows are fetched."; static PyObject * pgsource_fetch(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { PyObject *rowtuple, *reslist, *str; int i, j; long size; /* checks validity */ if (!check_source_obj(self, CHECK_RESULT | CHECK_DQL)) return NULL; /* checks args */ size = self->arraysize; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|l", &size)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "fetch(num), with num (integer, optional)."); return NULL; } /* seeks last line */ /* limit size to be within the amount of data we actually have */ if (size == -1 || (self->max_row - self->current_row) < size) size = self->max_row - self->current_row; /* allocate list for result */ if ((reslist = PyList_New(0)) == NULL) return NULL; /* builds result */ for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) { if ((rowtuple = PyTuple_New(self->num_fields)) == NULL) { Py_DECREF(reslist); return NULL; } for (j = 0; j < self->num_fields; j++) { if (PQgetisnull(self->last_result, self->current_row, j)) { Py_INCREF(Py_None); str = Py_None; } else str = PyString_FromString(PQgetvalue(self->last_result, self->current_row, j)); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rowtuple, j, str); } PyList_Append(reslist, rowtuple); Py_DECREF(rowtuple); self->current_row++; } return reslist; } /* changes current row (internal wrapper for all "move" methods) */ static PyObject * pgsource_move(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args, int move) { /* checks validity */ if (!check_source_obj(self, CHECK_RESULT | CHECK_DQL)) return NULL; /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { char errbuf[256]; #ifdef NO_SNPRINTF sprintf(errbuf, "method %s() takes no parameter.", __movename[move]); #else snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "method %s() takes no parameter.", __movename[move]); #endif PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, errbuf); return NULL; } /* changes the current row */ switch (move) { case QUERY_MOVEFIRST: self->current_row = 0; break; case QUERY_MOVELAST: self->current_row = self->max_row - 1; break; case QUERY_MOVENEXT: if (self->current_row != self->max_row) self->current_row++; break; case QUERY_MOVEPREV: if (self->current_row > 0) self->current_row--; break; } Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* move to first result row */ static char pgsource_movefirst__doc__[] = "movefirst() -- move to first result row."; static PyObject * pgsource_movefirst(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { return pgsource_move(self, args, QUERY_MOVEFIRST); } /* move to last result row */ static char pgsource_movelast__doc__[] = "movelast() -- move to last valid result row."; static PyObject * pgsource_movelast(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { return pgsource_move(self, args, QUERY_MOVELAST); } /* move to next result row */ static char pgsource_movenext__doc__[] = "movenext() -- move to next result row."; static PyObject * pgsource_movenext(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { return pgsource_move(self, args, QUERY_MOVENEXT); } /* move to previous result row */ static char pgsource_moveprev__doc__[] = "moveprev() -- move to previous result row."; static PyObject * pgsource_moveprev(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { return pgsource_move(self, args, QUERY_MOVEPREV); } /* finds field number from string/integer (internal use only) */ static int pgsource_fieldindex(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * param, const char *usage) { int num; /* checks validity */ if (!check_source_obj(self, CHECK_RESULT | CHECK_DQL)) return -1; /* gets field number */ if (PyString_Check(param)) num = PQfnumber(self->last_result, PyString_AsString(param)); else if (PyInt_Check(param)) num = PyInt_AsLong(param); else { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, usage); return -1; } /* checks field validity */ if (num < 0 || num >= self->num_fields) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown field."); return -1; } return num; } /* builds field information from position (internal use only) */ static PyObject * pgsource_buildinfo(pgsourceobject * self, int num) { PyObject *result; /* allocates tuple */ result = PyTuple_New(3); if (!result) return NULL; /* affects field information */ PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, PyInt_FromLong(num)); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 1, PyString_FromString(PQfname(self->last_result, num))); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 2, PyInt_FromLong(PQftype(self->last_result, num))); return result; } /* lists fields info */ static char pgsource_listinfo__doc__[] = "listinfo() -- return information for all fields " "(position, name, type oid)."; static PyObject * pgsource_listinfo(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { int i; PyObject *result, *info; /* checks validity */ if (!check_source_obj(self, CHECK_RESULT | CHECK_DQL)) return NULL; /* gets args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "method listinfo() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } /* builds result */ if ((result = PyTuple_New(self->num_fields)) == NULL) return NULL; for (i = 0; i < self->num_fields; i++) { info = pgsource_buildinfo(self, i); if (!info) { Py_DECREF(result); return NULL; } PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, info); } /* returns result */ return result; }; /* list fields information for last result */ static char pgsource_fieldinfo__doc__[] = "fieldinfo(string|integer) -- return specified field information " "(position, name, type oid)."; static PyObject * pgsource_fieldinfo(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { static const char short_usage[] = "fieldinfo(desc), with desc (string|integer)."; int num; PyObject *param; /* gets args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", ¶m)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, short_usage); return NULL; } /* checks args and validity */ if ((num = pgsource_fieldindex(self, param, short_usage)) == -1) return NULL; /* returns result */ return pgsource_buildinfo(self, num); }; /* retrieve field value */ static char pgsource_field__doc__[] = "field(string|integer) -- return specified field value."; static PyObject * pgsource_field(pgsourceobject * self, PyObject * args) { static const char short_usage[] = "field(desc), with desc (string|integer)."; int num; PyObject *param; /* gets args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", ¶m)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, short_usage); return NULL; } /* checks args and validity */ if ((num = pgsource_fieldindex(self, param, short_usage)) == -1) return NULL; return PyString_FromString(PQgetvalue(self->last_result, self->current_row, num)); } /* query object methods */ static PyMethodDef pgsource_methods[] = { {"close", (PyCFunction) pgsource_close, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_close__doc__}, {"execute", (PyCFunction) pgsource_execute, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_execute__doc__}, {"oidstatus", (PyCFunction) pgsource_oidstatus, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_oidstatus__doc__}, {"fetch", (PyCFunction) pgsource_fetch, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_fetch__doc__}, {"movefirst", (PyCFunction) pgsource_movefirst, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_movefirst__doc__}, {"movelast", (PyCFunction) pgsource_movelast, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_movelast__doc__}, {"movenext", (PyCFunction) pgsource_movenext, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_movenext__doc__}, {"moveprev", (PyCFunction) pgsource_moveprev, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_moveprev__doc__}, {"field", (PyCFunction) pgsource_field, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_field__doc__}, {"fieldinfo", (PyCFunction) pgsource_fieldinfo, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_fieldinfo__doc__}, {"listinfo", (PyCFunction) pgsource_listinfo, METH_VARARGS, pgsource_listinfo__doc__}, {NULL, NULL} }; /* gets query object attributes */ static PyObject * pgsource_getattr(pgsourceobject * self, char *name) { /* pg connection object */ if (!strcmp(name, "pgcnx")) { if (check_source_obj(self, 0)) { Py_INCREF(self->pgcnx); return (PyObject *) (self->pgcnx); } Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* arraysize */ if (!strcmp(name, "arraysize")) return PyInt_FromLong(self->arraysize); /* resulttype */ if (!strcmp(name, "resulttype")) return PyInt_FromLong(self->result_type); /* ntuples */ if (!strcmp(name, "ntuples")) return PyInt_FromLong(self->max_row); /* nfields */ if (!strcmp(name, "nfields")) return PyInt_FromLong(self->num_fields); /* attributes list */ if (!strcmp(name, "__members__")) { PyObject *list = PyList_New(5); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, PyString_FromString("pgcnx")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 1, PyString_FromString("arraysize")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 2, PyString_FromString("resulttype")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 3, PyString_FromString("ntuples")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 4, PyString_FromString("nfields")); return list; } /* module name */ if (!strcmp(name, "__module__")) return PyString_FromString(MODULE_NAME); /* class name */ if (!strcmp(name, "__class__")) return PyString_FromString("pgsource"); /* seeks name in methods (fallback) */ return Py_FindMethod(pgsource_methods, (PyObject *) self, name); } /* sets query object attributes */ static int pgsource_setattr(pgsourceobject * self, char *name, PyObject * v) { /* arraysize */ if (!strcmp(name, "arraysize")) { if (!PyInt_Check(v)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "arraysize must be integer."); return -1; } self->arraysize = PyInt_AsLong(v); return 0; } /* unknown attribute */ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "not a writable attribute."); return -1; } /* prints query object in human readable format */ static int pgsource_print(pgsourceobject * self, FILE *fp, int flags) { PQprintOpt op; switch (self->result_type) { case RESULT_DQL: memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op)); op.align = 1; op.header = 1; op.fieldSep = "|"; op.pager = 1; PQprint(fp, self->last_result, &op); break; case RESULT_DDL: case RESULT_DML: fputs(PQcmdStatus(self->last_result), fp); break; case RESULT_EMPTY: default: fputs("Empty PostgreSQL source object.", fp); break; } return 0; } /* query type definition */ staticforward PyTypeObject PgSourceType = { PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) 0, /* ob_size */ "pgsourceobject", /* tp_name */ sizeof(pgsourceobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor) pgsource_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ (printfunc) pgsource_print, /* tp_print */ (getattrfunc) pgsource_getattr, /* tp_getattr */ (setattrfunc) pgsource_setattr, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_compare */ 0, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ }; /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* PG "LARGE" OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */ #ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS /* constructor (internal use only) */ static pglargeobject * pglarge_new(pgobject * pgcnx, Oid oid) { pglargeobject *npglo; if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL) return NULL; Py_XINCREF(pgcnx); npglo->pgcnx = pgcnx; npglo->lo_fd = -1; npglo->lo_oid = oid; return npglo; } /* destructor */ static void pglarge_dealloc(pglargeobject * self) { if (self->lo_fd >= 0 && check_cnx_obj(self->pgcnx)) lo_close(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd); Py_XDECREF(self->pgcnx); PyObject_Del(self); } /* opens large object */ static char pglarge_open__doc__[] = "open(mode) -- open access to large object with specified mode " "(INV_READ, INV_WRITE constants defined by module)."; static PyObject * pglarge_open(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { int mode, fd; /* check validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_CLOSE)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &mode)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "open(mode), with mode(integer)."); return NULL; } /* opens large object */ if ((fd = lo_open(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid, mode)) < 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "can't open large object."); return NULL; } self->lo_fd = fd; /* no error : returns Py_None */ Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* close large object */ static char pglarge_close__doc__[] = "close() -- close access to large object data."; static PyObject * pglarge_close(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method close() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_OPEN)) return NULL; /* closes large object */ if (lo_close(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while closing large object fd."); return NULL; } self->lo_fd = -1; /* no error : returns Py_None */ Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* reads from large object */ static char pglarge_read__doc__[] = "read(integer) -- read from large object to sized string. " "Object must be opened in read mode before calling this method."; static PyObject * pglarge_read(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { int size; PyObject *buffer; /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_OPEN)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &size)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "read(size), wih size (integer)."); return NULL; } if (size <= 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "size must be positive."); return NULL; } /* allocate buffer and runs read */ buffer = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *) NULL, size); if ((size = lo_read(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, BUF(buffer), size)) < 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while reading."); Py_XDECREF(buffer); return NULL; } /* resize buffer and returns it */ _PyString_Resize(&buffer, size); return buffer; } /* write to large object */ static char pglarge_write__doc__[] = "write(string) -- write sized string to large object. " "Object must be opened in read mode before calling this method."; static PyObject * pglarge_write(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *buffer; int size, bufsize; /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_OPEN)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#", &buffer, &bufsize)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "write(buffer), with buffer (sized string)."); return NULL; } /* sends query */ if ((size = lo_write(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, buffer, bufsize)) < bufsize) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "buffer truncated during write."); return NULL; } /* no error : returns Py_None */ Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* go to position in large object */ static char pglarge_seek__doc__[] = "seek(off, whence) -- move to specified position. Object must be opened " "before calling this method. whence can be SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR or SEEK_END, " "constants defined by module."; static PyObject * pglarge_lseek(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* offset and whence are initialized to keep compiler happy */ int ret, offset = 0, whence = 0; /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_OPEN)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &offset, &whence)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "lseek(offset, whence), with offset and whence (integers)."); return NULL; } /* sends query */ if ((ret = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, offset, whence)) == -1) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while moving cursor."); return NULL; } /* returns position */ return PyInt_FromLong(ret); } /* gets large object size */ static char pglarge_size__doc__[] = "size() -- return large object size. " "Object must be opened before calling this method."; static PyObject * pglarge_size(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { int start, end; /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method size() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_OPEN)) return NULL; /* gets current position */ if ((start = lo_tell(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) == -1) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting current position."); return NULL; } /* gets end position */ if ((end = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, 0, SEEK_END)) == -1) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting end position."); return NULL; } /* move back to start position */ if ((start = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, start, SEEK_SET)) == -1) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while moving back to first position."); return NULL; } /* returns size */ return PyInt_FromLong(end); } /* gets large object cursor position */ static char pglarge_tell__doc__[] = "tell() -- give current position in large object. " "Object must be opened before calling this method."; static PyObject * pglarge_tell(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { int start; /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method tell() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_OPEN)) return NULL; /* gets current position */ if ((start = lo_tell(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) == -1) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting position."); return NULL; } /* returns size */ return PyInt_FromLong(start); } /* exports large object as unix file */ static char pglarge_export__doc__[] = "export(string) -- export large object data to specified file. " "Object must be closed when calling this method."; static PyObject * pglarge_export(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *name; /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_CLOSE)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "export(filename), with filename (string)."); return NULL; } /* runs command */ if (!lo_export(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid, name)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while exporting large object."); return NULL; } Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* deletes a large object */ static char pglarge_unlink__doc__[] = "unlink() -- destroy large object. " "Object must be closed when calling this method."; static PyObject * pglarge_unlink(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method unlink() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* checks validity */ if (!check_lo_obj(self, CHECK_CLOSE)) return NULL; /* deletes the object, invalidate it on success */ if (!lo_unlink(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while unlinking large object"); return NULL; } self->lo_oid = 0; Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* large object methods */ static struct PyMethodDef pglarge_methods[] = { {"open", (PyCFunction) pglarge_open, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_open__doc__}, {"close", (PyCFunction) pglarge_close, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_close__doc__}, {"read", (PyCFunction) pglarge_read, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_read__doc__}, {"write", (PyCFunction) pglarge_write, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_write__doc__}, {"seek", (PyCFunction) pglarge_lseek, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_seek__doc__}, {"size", (PyCFunction) pglarge_size, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_size__doc__}, {"tell", (PyCFunction) pglarge_tell, METH_VARARGS, pglarge_tell__doc__}, {"export",(PyCFunction) pglarge_export,METH_VARARGS,pglarge_export__doc__}, {"unlink",(PyCFunction) pglarge_unlink,METH_VARARGS,pglarge_unlink__doc__}, {NULL, NULL} }; /* get attribute */ static PyObject * pglarge_getattr(pglargeobject * self, char *name) { /* list postgreSQL large object fields */ /* associated pg connection object */ if (!strcmp(name, "pgcnx")) { if (check_lo_obj(self, 0)) { Py_INCREF(self->pgcnx); return (PyObject *) (self->pgcnx); } Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* large object oid */ if (!strcmp(name, "oid")) { if (check_lo_obj(self, 0)) return PyInt_FromLong(self->lo_oid); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* error (status) message */ if (!strcmp(name, "error")) return PyString_FromString(PQerrorMessage(self->pgcnx->cnx)); /* attributes list */ if (!strcmp(name, "__members__")) { PyObject *list = PyList_New(3); if (list) { PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, PyString_FromString("oid")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 1, PyString_FromString("pgcnx")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 2, PyString_FromString("error")); } return list; } /* module name */ if (!strcmp(name, "__module__")) return PyString_FromString(MODULE_NAME); /* class name */ if (!strcmp(name, "__class__")) return PyString_FromString("pglarge"); /* seeks name in methods (fallback) */ return Py_FindMethod(pglarge_methods, (PyObject *) self, name); } /* prints query object in human readable format */ static int pglarge_print(pglargeobject * self, FILE *fp, int flags) { char print_buffer[128]; if (self->lo_fd >= 0) { #ifdef NO_SNPRINTF sprintf(print_buffer, "Opened large object, oid %ld", (long) self->lo_oid); #else snprintf(print_buffer, sizeof(print_buffer), "Opened large object, oid %ld", (long) self->lo_oid); #endif fputs(print_buffer, fp); } else { #ifdef NO_SNPRINTF sprintf(print_buffer, "Closed large object, oid %ld", (long) self->lo_oid); #else snprintf(print_buffer, sizeof(print_buffer), "Closed large object, oid %ld", (long) self->lo_oid); #endif fputs(print_buffer, fp); } return 0; } /* object type definition */ staticforward PyTypeObject PglargeType = { PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) 0, /* ob_size */ "pglarge", /* tp_name */ sizeof(pglargeobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor) pglarge_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ (printfunc) pglarge_print, /* tp_print */ (getattrfunc) pglarge_getattr, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_compare */ 0, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ }; #endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */ /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* PG QUERY OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */ /* connects to a database */ static char connect__doc__[] = "connect(dbname, host, port, opt, tty) -- connect to a PostgreSQL database " "using specified parameters (optionals, keywords aware)."; static PyObject * pgconnect(pgobject * self, PyObject * args, PyObject * dict) { static const char *kwlist[] = {"dbname", "host", "port", "opt", "tty", "user", "passwd", NULL}; char *pghost, *pgopt, *pgtty, *pgdbname, *pguser, *pgpasswd; int pgport; char port_buffer[20]; pgobject *npgobj; pghost = pgopt = pgtty = pgdbname = pguser = pgpasswd = NULL; pgport = -1; /* * parses standard arguments With the right compiler warnings, this * will issue a diagnostic. There is really no way around it. If I * don't declare kwlist as const char *kwlist[] then it complains when * I try to assign all those constant strings to it. */ if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, dict, "|zzizzzz", (char **) kwlist, &pgdbname, &pghost, &pgport, &pgopt, &pgtty, &pguser, &pgpasswd)) return NULL; #ifdef DEFAULT_VARS /* handles defaults variables (for uninitialised vars) */ if ((!pghost) && (pg_default_host != Py_None)) pghost = PyString_AsString(pg_default_host); if ((pgport == -1) && (pg_default_port != Py_None)) pgport = PyInt_AsLong(pg_default_port); if ((!pgopt) && (pg_default_opt != Py_None)) pgopt = PyString_AsString(pg_default_opt); if ((!pgtty) && (pg_default_tty != Py_None)) pgtty = PyString_AsString(pg_default_tty); if ((!pgdbname) && (pg_default_base != Py_None)) pgdbname = PyString_AsString(pg_default_base); if ((!pguser) && (pg_default_user != Py_None)) pguser = PyString_AsString(pg_default_user); if ((!pgpasswd) && (pg_default_passwd != Py_None)) pgpasswd = PyString_AsString(pg_default_passwd); #endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */ if ((npgobj = (pgobject *) pgobject_New()) == NULL) return NULL; if (pgport != -1) { memset(port_buffer, 0, sizeof(port_buffer)); sprintf(port_buffer, "%d", pgport); npgobj->cnx = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, port_buffer, pgopt, pgtty, pgdbname, pguser, pgpasswd); } else npgobj->cnx = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, NULL, pgopt, pgtty, pgdbname, pguser, pgpasswd); if (PQstatus(npgobj->cnx) == CONNECTION_BAD) { PyErr_SetString(InternalError, PQerrorMessage(npgobj->cnx)); Py_XDECREF(npgobj); return NULL; } return (PyObject *) npgobj; } /* pgobject methods */ /* destructor */ static void pg_dealloc(pgobject * self) { if (self->cnx) PQfinish(self->cnx); PyObject_Del(self); } /* close without deleting */ static char pg_close__doc__[] = "close() -- close connection. All instances of the connection object and " "derived objects (queries and large objects) can no longer be used after " "this call."; static PyObject * pg_close(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* gets args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "close()."); return NULL; } /* connection object cannot already be closed */ if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(InternalError, "Connection already closed"); return NULL; } PQfinish(self->cnx); self->cnx = NULL; Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } static void pgquery_dealloc(pgqueryobject * self) { if (self->last_result) PQclear(self->last_result); PyObject_Del(self); } /* resets connection */ static char pg_reset__doc__[] = "reset() -- reset connection with current parameters. All derived queries " "and large objects derived from this connection will not be usable after " "this call."; static PyObject * pg_reset(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method reset() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* resets the connection */ PQreset(self->cnx); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* get connection socket */ static char pg_fileno__doc__[] = "fileno() -- return database connection socket file handle."; static PyObject * pg_fileno(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method fileno() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } #ifdef NO_PQSOCKET return PyInt_FromLong((long) self->cnx->sock); #else return PyInt_FromLong((long) PQsocket(self->cnx)); #endif } /* get number of rows */ static char pgquery_ntuples__doc__[] = "ntuples() -- returns number of tuples returned by query."; static PyObject * pgquery_ntuples(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method ntuples() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } return PyInt_FromLong((long) PQntuples(self->last_result)); } /* list fields names from query result */ static char pgquery_listfields__doc__[] = "listfields() -- Lists field names from result."; static PyObject * pgquery_listfields(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args) { int i, n; char *name; PyObject *fieldstuple, *str; /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method listfields() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* builds tuple */ n = PQnfields(self->last_result); fieldstuple = PyTuple_New(n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { name = PQfname(self->last_result, i); str = PyString_FromString(name); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(fieldstuple, i, str); } return fieldstuple; } /* get field name from last result */ static char pgquery_fieldname__doc__[] = "fieldname() -- returns name of field from result from its position."; static PyObject * pgquery_fieldname(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args) { int i; char *name; /* gets args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &i)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "fieldname(number), with number(integer)."); return NULL; } /* checks number validity */ if (i >= PQnfields(self->last_result)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid field number."); return NULL; } /* gets fields name and builds object */ name = PQfname(self->last_result, i); return PyString_FromString(name); } /* gets fields number from name in last result */ static char pgquery_fieldnum__doc__[] = "fieldnum() -- returns position in query for field from its name."; static PyObject * pgquery_fieldnum(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *name; int num; /* gets args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "fieldnum(name), with name (string)."); return NULL; } /* gets field number */ if ((num = PQfnumber(self->last_result, name)) == -1) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown field."); return NULL; } return PyInt_FromLong(num); } /* retrieves last result */ static char pgquery_getresult__doc__[] = "getresult() -- Gets the result of a query. The result is returned " "as a list of rows, each one a list of fields in the order returned " "by the server."; static PyObject * pgquery_getresult(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args) { PyObject *rowtuple, *reslist, *val; int i, j, m, n, *typ; /* checks args (args == NULL for an internal call) */ if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method getresult() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* stores result in tuple */ m = PQntuples(self->last_result); n = PQnfields(self->last_result); reslist = PyList_New(m); typ = get_type_array(self->last_result, n); for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { if ((rowtuple = PyTuple_New(n)) == NULL) { Py_DECREF(reslist); reslist = NULL; goto exit; } for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { int k; char *s = PQgetvalue(self->last_result, i, j); char cashbuf[64]; if (PQgetisnull(self->last_result, i, j)) { Py_INCREF(Py_None); val = Py_None; } else switch (typ[j]) { case 1: val = PyInt_FromString(s, NULL, 10); break; case 2: val = PyLong_FromString(s, NULL, 10); break; case 3: val = PyFloat_FromString(PyString_FromString(s), NULL); break; case 4: { int mult = 1; if (*s == '$') /* there's talk of getting * rid of it */ s++; if (*s == '-' || *s == '(') { s++; mult = -1; } /* get rid of the '$' and commas */ if (*s == '$') /* Just in case we exposed * one */ s++; for (k = 0; *s; s++) if (*s != ',') cashbuf[k++] = *s; cashbuf[k] = 0; val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(cashbuf, NULL) * mult); break; } default: val = PyString_FromString(s); break; } if (val == NULL) { Py_DECREF(reslist); Py_DECREF(rowtuple); reslist = NULL; goto exit; } PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rowtuple, j, val); } PyList_SET_ITEM(reslist, i, rowtuple); } exit: free(typ); /* returns list */ return reslist; } /* retrieves last result as a list of dictionaries*/ static char pgquery_dictresult__doc__[] = "dictresult() -- Gets the result of a query. The result is returned " "as a list of rows, each one a dictionary with the field names used " "as the labels."; static PyObject * pgquery_dictresult(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args) { PyObject *dict, *reslist, *val; int i, j, m, n, *typ; /* checks args (args == NULL for an internal call) */ if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method getresult() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* stores result in list */ m = PQntuples(self->last_result); n = PQnfields(self->last_result); reslist = PyList_New(m); typ = get_type_array(self->last_result, n); for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { if ((dict = PyDict_New()) == NULL) { Py_DECREF(reslist); reslist = NULL; goto exit; } for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { int k; char *s = PQgetvalue(self->last_result, i, j); char cashbuf[64]; if (PQgetisnull(self->last_result, i, j)) { Py_INCREF(Py_None); val = Py_None; } else switch (typ[j]) { case 1: val = PyInt_FromString(s, NULL, 10); break; case 2: val = PyLong_FromString(s, NULL, 10); break; case 3: val = PyFloat_FromString(PyString_FromString(s), NULL); break; case 4: { int mult = 1; if (*s == '$') /* there's talk of getting * rid of it */ s++; if (*s == '-' || *s == '(') { s++; mult = -1; } /* get rid of the '$' and commas */ if (*s == '$') /* Just in case we exposed * one */ s++; for (k = 0; *s && k < sizeof(cashbuf) / sizeof(cashbuf[0]) - 1; s++) { if (*s != ',') cashbuf[k++] = *s; } cashbuf[k] = 0; val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(cashbuf, NULL) * mult); break; } default: val = PyString_FromString(s); break; } if (val == NULL) { Py_DECREF(dict); Py_DECREF(reslist); reslist = NULL; goto exit; } PyDict_SetItemString(dict, PQfname(self->last_result, j), val); Py_DECREF(val); } PyList_SET_ITEM(reslist, i, dict); } exit: free(typ); /* returns list */ return reslist; } /* gets asynchronous notify */ static char pg_getnotify__doc__[] = "getnotify() -- get database notify for this connection."; static PyObject * pg_getnotify(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { PGnotify *notify; PGresult *result; PyObject *notify_result, *temp; if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method getnotify() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* gets notify and builds result */ /* * notifies only come back as result of a query, so I send an empty * query */ Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS result = PQexec(self->cnx, " "); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS if ((notify = PQnotifies(self->cnx)) != NULL) { if ((notify_result = PyTuple_New(2)) == NULL) { PQclear(result); return NULL; } if ((temp = PyString_FromString(notify->relname)) == NULL) { PQclear(result); return NULL; } PyTuple_SET_ITEM(notify_result, 0, temp); if ((temp = PyInt_FromLong(notify->be_pid)) == NULL) { PQclear(result); Py_DECREF(notify_result); return NULL; } PyTuple_SET_ITEM(notify_result, 1, temp); PQfreemem(notify); } else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); notify_result = Py_None; } PQclear(result); /* returns result */ return notify_result; } /* source creation */ static char pg_source__doc__[] = "source() -- creates a new source object for this connection"; static PyObject * pg_source(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks validity */ if (!check_cnx_obj(self)) return NULL; /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "method source() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } /* allocate new pg query object */ return (PyObject *) pgsource_new(self); } /* database query */ static char pg_query__doc__[] = "query(sql) -- creates a new query object for this connection," " using sql (string) request."; static PyObject * pg_query(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *query; PGresult *result; pgqueryobject *npgobj; int status; if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* get query args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &query)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "query(sql), with sql (string)."); return NULL; } /* frees previous result */ if (self->last_result) { PQclear(self->last_result); self->last_result = NULL; } /* gets result */ Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS result = PQexec(self->cnx, query); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS /* checks result validity */ if (!result) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx)); return NULL; } /* checks result status */ if ((status = PQresultStatus(result)) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK) { Oid oid = PQoidValue(result); PQclear(result); switch (status) { case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY: PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty query."); break; case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE: case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR: case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR: PyErr_SetString(ProgrammingError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx)); break; case PGRES_COMMAND_OK: /* could be an INSERT */ if (oid == InvalidOid) /* nope */ { Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* otherwise, return the oid */ return PyLong_FromLongLong(oid); case PGRES_COPY_OUT: /* no data will be received */ case PGRES_COPY_IN: Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; default: PyErr_SetString(InternalError, "internal error: " "unknown result status."); break; } return NULL; /* error detected on query */ } if ((npgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgqueryobject, &PgQueryType)) == NULL) return NULL; /* stores result and returns object */ npgobj->last_result = result; return (PyObject *) npgobj; } #ifdef DIRECT_ACCESS static char pg_putline__doc__[] = "putline() -- sends a line directly to the backend"; /* direct acces function : putline */ static PyObject * pg_putline(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *line; if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* reads args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &line)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "putline(line), with line (string)."); return NULL; } /* sends line to backend */ PQputline(self->cnx, line); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* direct access function : getline */ static char pg_getline__doc__[] = "getline() -- gets a line directly from the backend."; static PyObject * pg_getline(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { char line[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE]; PyObject *str = NULL; /* GCC */ if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method getline() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* gets line */ switch (PQgetline(self->cnx, line, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)) { case 0: str = PyString_FromString(line); break; case 1: PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "buffer overflow"); str = NULL; break; case EOF: Py_INCREF(Py_None); str = Py_None; break; } return str; } /* direct access function : end copy */ static char pg_endcopy__doc__[] = "endcopy() -- synchronizes client and server"; static PyObject * pg_endcopy(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method endcopy() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } /* ends direct copy */ PQendcopy(self->cnx); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } #endif /* DIRECT_ACCESS */ static PyObject * pgquery_print(pgqueryobject * self, FILE *fp, int flags) { PQprintOpt op; memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op)); op.align = 1; op.header = 1; op.fieldSep = "|"; op.pager = 1; PQprint(fp, self->last_result, &op); return 0; } static PyObject * pgquery_repr(pgqueryobject * self) { return PyString_FromString(""); } /* insert table */ static char pg_inserttable__doc__[] = "inserttable(string, list) -- insert list in table. The fields in the " "list must be in the same order as in the table."; static PyObject * pg_inserttable(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { PGresult *result; char *table, *buffer, *bufpt, *temp; size_t bufsiz; PyObject *list, *sublist, *item; PyObject *(*getitem) (PyObject *, int); PyObject *(*getsubitem) (PyObject *, int); int i, j, m, n; if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO:filter", &table, &list)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "tableinsert(table, content), with table (string) " "and content (list)."); return NULL; } /* checks list type */ if (PyTuple_Check(list)) { m = PyTuple_Size(list); getitem = PyTuple_GetItem; } else if (PyList_Check(list)) { m = PyList_Size(list); getitem = PyList_GetItem; } else { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "second arg must be some kind of array."); return NULL; } if (m) { /* not strictly necessary but removes a bogus warning */ n = 0; /* checks sublists type and size */ for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { sublist = getitem(list, i); if (PyTuple_Check(sublist)) j = PyTuple_Size(sublist); else if (PyList_Check(sublist)) j = PyList_Size(sublist); else { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "second arg must contain some kind of arrays."); return NULL; } if (i) { if (j != n) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "arrays contained in second arg must have same size."); return NULL; } } else n = j; /* never used before this assignment */ } if (n) { /* allocate buffer */ if (!(buffer = malloc(MAX_BUFFER_SIZE))) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "can't allocate insert buffer."); return NULL; } /* starts query */ sprintf(buffer, "copy %s from stdin", table); Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS result = PQexec(self->cnx, buffer); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS if (!result) { free(buffer); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx)); return NULL; } PQclear(result); /* feeds table */ for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { sublist = getitem(list, i); if (PyTuple_Check(sublist)) getsubitem = PyTuple_GetItem; else getsubitem = PyList_GetItem; /* builds insert line */ bufpt=buffer; bufsiz = MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - 1; for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { item = getsubitem(sublist, j); /* converts item to string */ if (item == Py_None) { if (bufsiz > 2) { *bufpt++ = '\\'; *bufpt++ = 'N'; bufsiz -= 2; } else bufsiz = 0; } else if (PyString_Check(item)) { temp = PyString_AS_STRING(item); while (*temp && bufsiz) { if (*temp == '\\' || *temp == '\t' || *temp == '\n') { *bufpt++='\\'; --bufsiz; if (!bufsiz) break; } *bufpt++=*temp++; --bufsiz; } } else if (PyInt_Check(item)) { long k; int h; k = PyInt_AsLong(item); h = snprintf(bufpt, bufsiz, "%ld", k); if (h > 0) { bufpt += h; bufsiz -= h; } else bufsiz = 0; } else if (PyLong_Check(item)) { long k; int h; k = PyLong_AsLong(item); h = snprintf(bufpt, bufsiz, "%ld", k); if (h > 0) { bufpt += h; bufsiz -= h; } else bufsiz = 0; } else if (PyFloat_Check(item)) { double k; int h; k = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(item); h = snprintf(bufpt, bufsiz, "%g", k); if (h > 0) { bufpt += h; bufsiz -= h; } else bufsiz = 0; } else { free(buffer); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "items must be strings, integers, " "longs or double (real)."); return NULL; } if (j < n-1) { *bufpt++ = '\t'; --bufsiz; } if (bufsiz <= 0) { free(buffer); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "insert buffer overflow."); return NULL; } } *bufpt++ = '\n'; *bufpt = '\0'; /* sends data */ PQputline(self->cnx, buffer); } /* ends query */ PQputline(self->cnx, "\\.\n"); PQendcopy(self->cnx); free(buffer); } } /* no error : returns nothing */ Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } #ifdef PQfreeNotify /* must be 7.4 or later */ /* get transaction state */ static char pg_transaction__doc__[] = "Returns the current transaction status."; static PyObject * pg_transaction(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { if (!self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method transaction() takes no parameters."); return NULL; } return PyInt_FromLong(PQtransactionStatus(self->cnx)); } #endif #ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS /* creates large object */ static char pg_locreate__doc__[] = "locreate() -- creates a new large object in the database."; static PyObject * pg_locreate(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { int mode; Oid lo_oid; /* checks validity */ if (!check_cnx_obj(self)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &mode)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "locreate(mode), with mode (integer)."); return NULL; } /* creates large object */ lo_oid = lo_creat(self->cnx, mode); if (lo_oid == 0) { PyErr_SetString(OperationalError, "can't create large object."); return NULL; } return (PyObject *) pglarge_new(self, lo_oid); } /* init from already known oid */ static char pg_getlo__doc__[] = "getlo(long) -- create a large object instance for the specified oid."; static PyObject * pg_getlo(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { int lo_oid; /* checks validity */ if (!check_cnx_obj(self)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &lo_oid)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "getlo(oid), with oid (integer)."); return NULL; } if (!lo_oid) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "the object oid can't be null."); return NULL; } /* creates object */ return (PyObject *) pglarge_new(self, lo_oid); } /* import unix file */ static char pg_loimport__doc__[] = "loimport(string) -- create a new large object from specified file."; static PyObject * pg_loimport(pgobject * self, PyObject * args) { char *name; Oid lo_oid; /* checks validity */ if (!check_cnx_obj(self)) return NULL; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "loimport(name), with name (string)."); return NULL; } /* imports file and checks result */ lo_oid = lo_import(self->cnx, name); if (lo_oid == 0) { PyErr_SetString(OperationalError, "can't create large object."); return NULL; } return (PyObject *) pglarge_new(self, lo_oid); } #endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */ /* connection object methods */ static struct PyMethodDef pgobj_methods[] = { {"source", (PyCFunction) pg_source, METH_VARARGS, pg_source__doc__}, {"query", (PyCFunction) pg_query, METH_VARARGS, pg_query__doc__}, {"reset", (PyCFunction) pg_reset, METH_VARARGS, pg_reset__doc__}, {"close", (PyCFunction) pg_close, METH_VARARGS, pg_close__doc__}, {"fileno", (PyCFunction) pg_fileno, METH_VARARGS, pg_fileno__doc__}, {"getnotify", (PyCFunction) pg_getnotify, METH_VARARGS, pg_getnotify__doc__}, {"inserttable", (PyCFunction) pg_inserttable, METH_VARARGS, pg_inserttable__doc__}, #ifdef PQfreeNotify /* must be 7.4 or later */ {"transaction", (PyCFunction) pg_transaction, METH_VARARGS, pg_transaction__doc__}, #endif #ifdef DIRECT_ACCESS {"putline", (PyCFunction) pg_putline, 1, pg_putline__doc__}, {"getline", (PyCFunction) pg_getline, 1, pg_getline__doc__}, {"endcopy", (PyCFunction) pg_endcopy, 1, pg_endcopy__doc__}, #endif /* DIRECT_ACCESS */ #ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS {"locreate", (PyCFunction) pg_locreate, 1, pg_locreate__doc__}, {"getlo", (PyCFunction) pg_getlo, 1, pg_getlo__doc__}, {"loimport", (PyCFunction) pg_loimport, 1, pg_loimport__doc__}, #endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */ {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; /* get attribute */ static PyObject * pg_getattr(pgobject * self, char *name) { /* * Although we could check individually, there are only a few * attributes that don't require a live connection and unless someone * has an urgent need, this will have to do */ /* first exception - close which returns a different error */ if (strcmp(name, "close") && !self->cnx) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid"); return NULL; } /* list postgreSQL connection fields */ /* postmaster host */ if (!strcmp(name, "host")) { char *r = PQhost(self->cnx); return r ? PyString_FromString(r) : PyString_FromString("localhost"); } /* postmaster port */ if (!strcmp(name, "port")) return PyInt_FromLong(atol(PQport(self->cnx))); /* selected database */ if (!strcmp(name, "db")) return PyString_FromString(PQdb(self->cnx)); /* selected options */ if (!strcmp(name, "options")) return PyString_FromString(PQoptions(self->cnx)); /* selected postgres tty */ if (!strcmp(name, "tty")) return PyString_FromString(PQtty(self->cnx)); /* error (status) message */ if (!strcmp(name, "error")) return PyString_FromString(PQerrorMessage(self->cnx)); /* connection status : 1 - OK, 0 - BAD */ if (!strcmp(name, "status")) return PyInt_FromLong(PQstatus(self->cnx) == CONNECTION_OK ? 1 : 0); /* provided user name */ if (!strcmp(name, "user")) return PyString_FromString("Deprecated facility"); /* return PyString_FromString(fe_getauthname("")); */ /* attributes list */ if (!strcmp(name, "__members__")) { PyObject *list = PyList_New(8); if (list) { PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, PyString_FromString("host")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 1, PyString_FromString("port")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 2, PyString_FromString("db")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 3, PyString_FromString("options")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 4, PyString_FromString("tty")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 5, PyString_FromString("error")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 6, PyString_FromString("status")); PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 7, PyString_FromString("user")); } return list; } return Py_FindMethod(pgobj_methods, (PyObject *) self, name); } /* object type definition */ staticforward PyTypeObject PgType = { PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) 0, /* ob_size */ "pgobject", /* tp_name */ sizeof(pgobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor) pg_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ (getattrfunc) pg_getattr, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_compare */ 0, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ }; /* query object methods */ static struct PyMethodDef pgquery_methods[] = { {"getresult", (PyCFunction) pgquery_getresult, METH_VARARGS, pgquery_getresult__doc__}, {"dictresult", (PyCFunction) pgquery_dictresult, METH_VARARGS, pgquery_dictresult__doc__}, {"fieldname", (PyCFunction) pgquery_fieldname, METH_VARARGS, pgquery_fieldname__doc__}, {"fieldnum", (PyCFunction) pgquery_fieldnum, METH_VARARGS, pgquery_fieldnum__doc__}, {"listfields", (PyCFunction) pgquery_listfields, METH_VARARGS, pgquery_listfields__doc__}, {"ntuples", (PyCFunction) pgquery_ntuples, METH_VARARGS, pgquery_ntuples__doc__}, {NULL, NULL} }; /* gets query object attributes */ static PyObject * pgquery_getattr(pgqueryobject * self, char *name) { /* list postgreSQL connection fields */ return Py_FindMethod(pgquery_methods, (PyObject *) self, name); } /* query type definition */ staticforward PyTypeObject PgQueryType = { PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) 0, /* ob_size */ "pgqueryobject", /* tp_name */ sizeof(pgqueryobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor) pgquery_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ (printfunc) pgquery_print, /* tp_print */ (getattrfunc) pgquery_getattr, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_compare */ (reprfunc) pgquery_repr, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ }; /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* MODULE FUNCTIONS */ #ifdef DEFAULT_VARS /* gets default host */ static char getdefhost__doc__[] = "get_defhost() -- return default database host."; static PyObject * pggetdefhost(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method get_defhost() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } Py_XINCREF(pg_default_host); return pg_default_host; } /* sets default host */ static char setdefhost__doc__[] = "set_defhost(string) -- set default database host. Return previous value."; static PyObject * pgsetdefhost(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { char *temp = NULL; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defhost(name), with name (string/None)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_host; if (temp) pg_default_host = PyString_FromString(temp); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_host = Py_None; } return old; } /* gets default base */ static char getdefbase__doc__[] = "get_defbase() -- return default database name."; static PyObject * pggetdefbase(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method get_defbase() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } Py_XINCREF(pg_default_base); return pg_default_base; } /* sets default base */ static char setdefbase__doc__[] = "set_defbase(string) -- set default database name. Return previous value"; static PyObject * pgsetdefbase(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { char *temp = NULL; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defbase(name), with name (string/None)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_base; if (temp) pg_default_base = PyString_FromString(temp); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_base = Py_None; } return old; } /* gets default options */ static char getdefopt__doc__[] = "get_defopt() -- return default database options."; static PyObject * pggetdefopt(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method get_defopt() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } Py_XINCREF(pg_default_opt); return pg_default_opt; } /* sets default opt */ static char setdefopt__doc__[] = "set_defopt(string) -- set default database options. Return previous value."; static PyObject * pgsetdefopt(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { char *temp = NULL; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defopt(name), with name (string/None)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_opt; if (temp) pg_default_opt = PyString_FromString(temp); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_opt = Py_None; } return old; } /* gets default tty */ static char getdeftty__doc__[] = "get_deftty() -- return default database debug terminal."; static PyObject * pggetdeftty(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method get_deftty() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } Py_XINCREF(pg_default_tty); return pg_default_tty; } /* sets default tty */ static char setdeftty__doc__[] = "set_deftty(string) -- set default database debug terminal. " "Return previous value."; static PyObject * pgsetdeftty(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { char *temp = NULL; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_deftty(name), with name (string/None)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_tty; if (temp) pg_default_tty = PyString_FromString(temp); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_tty = Py_None; } return old; } /* gets default username */ static char getdefuser__doc__[] = "get_defuser() -- return default database username."; static PyObject * pggetdefuser(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method get_defuser() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } Py_XINCREF(pg_default_user); return pg_default_user; } /* sets default username */ static char setdefuser__doc__[] = "set_defuser() -- set default database username. Return previous value."; static PyObject * pgsetdefuser(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { char *temp = NULL; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defuser(name), with name (string/None)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_user; if (temp) pg_default_user = PyString_FromString(temp); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_user = Py_None; } return old; } /* sets default password */ static char setdefpasswd__doc__[] = "set_defpasswd() -- set default database password."; static PyObject * pgsetdefpasswd(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { char *temp = NULL; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defpasswd(password), with password (string/None)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_passwd; if (temp) pg_default_passwd = PyString_FromString(temp); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_passwd = Py_None; } Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } /* gets default port */ static char getdefport__doc__[] = "get_defport() -- return default database port."; static PyObject * pggetdefport(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { /* checks args */ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "method get_defport() takes no parameter."); return NULL; } Py_XINCREF(pg_default_port); return pg_default_port; } /* sets default port */ static char setdefport__doc__[] = "set_defport(integer) -- set default database port. Return previous value."; static PyObject * pgsetdefport(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) { long int port = -2; PyObject *old; /* gets arguments */ if ((!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l", &port)) || (port < -1)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defport(port), with port " "(positive integer/-1)."); return NULL; } /* adjusts value */ old = pg_default_port; if (port != -1) pg_default_port = PyLong_FromLong(port); else { Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_port = Py_None; } return old; } #endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */ /* List of functions defined in the module */ static struct PyMethodDef pg_methods[] = { {"connect", (PyCFunction) pgconnect, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, connect__doc__}, #ifdef DEFAULT_VARS {"get_defhost", pggetdefhost, METH_VARARGS, getdefhost__doc__}, {"set_defhost", pgsetdefhost, METH_VARARGS, setdefhost__doc__}, {"get_defbase", pggetdefbase, METH_VARARGS, getdefbase__doc__}, {"set_defbase", pgsetdefbase, METH_VARARGS, setdefbase__doc__}, {"get_defopt", pggetdefopt, METH_VARARGS, getdefopt__doc__}, {"set_defopt", pgsetdefopt, METH_VARARGS, setdefopt__doc__}, {"get_deftty", pggetdeftty, METH_VARARGS, getdeftty__doc__}, {"set_deftty", pgsetdeftty, METH_VARARGS, setdeftty__doc__}, {"get_defport", pggetdefport, METH_VARARGS, getdefport__doc__}, {"set_defport", pgsetdefport, METH_VARARGS, setdefport__doc__}, {"get_defuser", pggetdefuser, METH_VARARGS, getdefuser__doc__}, {"set_defuser", pgsetdefuser, METH_VARARGS, setdefuser__doc__}, {"set_defpasswd", pgsetdefpasswd, METH_VARARGS, setdefpasswd__doc__}, #endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */ {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; static char pg__doc__[] = "Python interface to PostgreSQL DB"; /* Initialization function for the module */ DL_EXPORT(void) init_pg(void) { PyObject *mod, *dict, *v; /* Initialize here because some WIN platforms get confused otherwise */ PglargeType.ob_type = PgType.ob_type = PgQueryType.ob_type = PgSourceType.ob_type = &PyType_Type; /* Create the module and add the functions */ mod = Py_InitModule4("_pg", pg_methods, pg__doc__, NULL, PYTHON_API_VERSION); dict = PyModule_GetDict(mod); /* Exceptions as defined by DB-API 2.0 */ Error = PyErr_NewException("pg.error", PyExc_StandardError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "Error", Error); Warning = PyErr_NewException("pg.Warning", PyExc_StandardError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "Warning", Warning); InterfaceError = PyErr_NewException("pg.InterfaceError", Error, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "InterfaceError", InterfaceError); DatabaseError = PyErr_NewException("pg.DatabaseError", Error, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "DatabaseError", DatabaseError); InternalError = PyErr_NewException("pg.InternalError", DatabaseError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "InternalError", InternalError); OperationalError = PyErr_NewException("pg.OperationalError", DatabaseError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "OperationalError", OperationalError); ProgrammingError = PyErr_NewException("pg.ProgrammingError", DatabaseError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "ProgrammingError", ProgrammingError); IntegrityError = PyErr_NewException("pg.IntegrityError", DatabaseError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "IntegrityError", IntegrityError); DataError = PyErr_NewException("pg.DataError", DatabaseError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "DataError", DataError); NotSupportedError = PyErr_NewException("pg.NotSupportedError", DatabaseError, NULL); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "NotSupportedError", NotSupportedError); /* Make the version available */ v = PyString_FromString(PyPgVersion); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "version", v); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__version__", v); Py_DECREF(v); /* results type for queries */ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "RESULT_EMPTY", PyInt_FromLong(RESULT_EMPTY)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "RESULT_DML", PyInt_FromLong(RESULT_DML)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "RESULT_DDL", PyInt_FromLong(RESULT_DDL)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "RESULT_DQL", PyInt_FromLong(RESULT_DQL)); #ifdef PQfreeNotify /* must be 7.4 or later */ /* transaction states */ PyDict_SetItemString(dict,"TRANS_IDLE",PyInt_FromLong(PQTRANS_IDLE)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict,"TRANS_ACTIVE",PyInt_FromLong(PQTRANS_ACTIVE)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict,"TRANS_INTRANS",PyInt_FromLong(PQTRANS_INTRANS)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict,"TRANS_INERROR",PyInt_FromLong(PQTRANS_INERROR)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict,"TRANS_UNKNOWN",PyInt_FromLong(PQTRANS_UNKNOWN)); #endif #ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS /* create mode for large objects */ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "INV_READ", PyInt_FromLong(INV_READ)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "INV_WRITE", PyInt_FromLong(INV_WRITE)); /* position flags for lo_lseek */ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_SET", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_SET)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_CUR", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_CUR)); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_END", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_END)); #endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */ #ifdef DEFAULT_VARS /* prepares default values */ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_host = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_base = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_opt = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_port = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_tty = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_user = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_passwd = Py_None; #endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */ /* Check for errors */ if (PyErr_Occurred()) Py_FatalError("can't initialize module _pg"); } PyGreSQL-3.6.1/pgdb.py010064400017500000144000000241311017074172300134420ustar darcyusers# $Id: pgdb.py,v 1.27 2004/12/17 21:32:03 darcy Exp $ """ pgdb - DB-SIG compliant module for PygreSQL. (c) 1999, Pascal Andre . See package documentation for further information on copyright. Inline documentation is sparse. See DB-SIG 2.0 specification for usage information. basic usage: pgdb.connect(connect_string) -> connection connect_string = 'host:database:user:password:opt:tty' All parts are optional. You may also pass host through password as keyword arguments. To pass a port, pass it in the host keyword parameter: pgdb.connect(host='localhost:5432') connection.cursor() -> cursor connection.commit() connection.close() connection.rollback() cursor.execute(query[, params]) execute a query, binding params (a dictionary) if it is passed. The binding syntax is the same as the % operator for dictionaries, and no quoting is done. cursor.executemany(query, list of params) execute a query many times, binding each param dictionary from the list. cursor.fetchone() -> [value, value, ...] cursor.fetchall() -> [[value, value, ...], ...] cursor.fetchmany([size]) -> [[value, value, ...], ...] returns size or cursor.arraysize number of rows from result set. Default cursor.arraysize is 1. cursor.description -> [(column_name, type_name, display_size, internal_size, precision, scale, null_ok), ...] Note that precision, scale and null_ok are not implemented. cursor.rowcount number of rows available in the result set. Available after a call to execute. cursor.close() """ import string import types import time from _pg import * # Marc-Andre is changing where DateTime goes. This handles it either way. try: from mx import DateTime except ImportError: import DateTime ### module constants # compliant with DB SIG 2.0 apilevel = '2.0' # module may be shared, but not connections threadsafety = 1 # this module use extended python format codes paramstyle = 'pyformat' ### internal type handling class class pgdbTypeCache: def __init__(self, cnx): self.__source = cnx.source() self.__type_cache = {} def typecast(self, typ, value): # for NULL values, no typecast is necessary if value == None: return value if typ == STRING: pass elif typ == BINARY: pass elif typ == BOOL: value = (value[:1] in ['t','T']) elif typ == INTEGER: value = int(value) elif typ == LONG: value = long(value) elif typ == FLOAT: value = float(value) elif typ == MONEY: value = string.replace(value, "$", "") value = string.replace(value, ",", "") value = float(value) elif typ == DATETIME: # format may differ ... we'll give string pass elif typ == ROWID: value = long(value) return value def getdescr(self, oid): try: return self.__type_cache[oid] except: self.__source.execute( "SELECT typname, typlen " "FROM pg_type WHERE oid = %s" % oid ) res = self.__source.fetch(1)[0] # column name is omitted from the return value. It will # have to be prepended by the caller. res = ( res[0], None, string.atoi(res[1]), None, None, None ) self.__type_cache[oid] = res return res ### cursor object class pgdbCursor: def __init__(self, src, cache): self.__cache = cache self.__source = src self.description = None self.rowcount = -1 self.arraysize = 1 self.lastrowid = None def close(self): self.__source.close() self.description = None self.rowcount = -1 self.lastrowid = None def arraysize(self, size): self.arraysize = size def execute(self, operation, params = None): # "The parameters may also be specified as list of # tuples to e.g. insert multiple rows in a single # operation, but this kind of usage is deprecated: if params and isinstance(params, types.ListType) and \ isinstance(params[0], types.TupleType): self.executemany(operation, params) else: # not a list of tuples self.executemany(operation, (params,)) def executemany(self, operation, param_seq): self.description = None self.rowcount = -1 # first try to execute all queries totrows = 0 sql = "INIT" try: for params in param_seq: if params != None: sql = _quoteparams(operation, params) else: sql = operation rows = self.__source.execute(sql) if rows != None: # true is __source is NOT a DQL totrows = totrows + rows else: self.rowcount = -1 except Error, msg: raise DatabaseError, "error '%s' in '%s'" % ( msg, sql ) except Exception, err: raise OperationalError, "internal error in '%s': %s" % (sql,err) except: raise OperationalError, "internal error in '%s'" % sql # then initialize result raw count and description if self.__source.resulttype == RESULT_DQL: self.rowcount = self.__source.ntuples d = [] for typ in self.__source.listinfo(): # listinfo is a sequence of # (index, column_name, type_oid) # getdescr returns all items needed for a # description tuple except the column_name. desc = typ[1:2]+self.__cache.getdescr(typ[2]) d.append(desc) self.description = d self.lastrowid = self.__source.oidstatus() else: self.rowcount = totrows self.description = None self.lastrowid = self.__source.oidstatus() def fetchone(self): res = self.fetchmany(1, 0) try: return res[0] except: return None def fetchall(self): return self.fetchmany(-1, 0) def fetchmany(self, size = None, keep = 0): if size == None: size = self.arraysize if keep == 1: self.arraysize = size try: res = self.__source.fetch(size) except Error, e: raise DatabaseError, str(e) result = [] for r in res: row = [] for i in range(len(r)): row.append(self.__cache.typecast( self.description[i][1], r[i] ) ) result.append(row) return result def nextset(self): raise NotSupportedError, "nextset() is not supported" def setinputsizes(self, sizes): pass def setoutputsize(self, size, col = 0): pass class _quoteitem(dict): def __getitem__(self, key): return _quote(super(_quoteitem, self).__getitem__(key)) def _quote(x): if isinstance(x, DateTime.DateTimeType): x = str(x) elif isinstance(x, unicode): x = x.encode( 'utf-8' ) if isinstance(x, types.StringType): x = "'" + string.replace( string.replace(str(x), '\\', '\\\\'), "'", "''") + "'" elif isinstance(x, (types.IntType, types.LongType, types.FloatType)): pass elif x is None: x = 'NULL' elif isinstance(x, (types.ListType, types.TupleType)): x = '(%s)' % string.join(map(lambda x: str(_quote(x)), x), ',') elif hasattr(x, '__pg_repr__'): x = x.__pg_repr__() else: raise InterfaceError, 'do not know how to handle type %s' % type(x) return x def _quoteparams(s, params): if hasattr(params, 'has_key'): params = _quoteitem(params) else: params = tuple(map(_quote, params)) return s % params ### connection object class pgdbCnx: def __init__(self, cnx): self.__cnx = cnx self.__cache = pgdbTypeCache(cnx) try: src = self.__cnx.source() src.execute("BEGIN") except: raise OperationalError, "invalid connection." def close(self): self.__cnx.close() def commit(self): try: src = self.__cnx.source() src.execute("COMMIT") src.execute("BEGIN") except: raise OperationalError, "can't commit." def rollback(self): try: src = self.__cnx.source() src.execute("ROLLBACK") src.execute("BEGIN") except: raise OperationalError, "can't rollback." def cursor(self): try: src = self.__cnx.source() return pgdbCursor(src, self.__cache) except: raise pgOperationalError, "invalid connection." ### module interface # connects to a database _connect_ = connect def connect(dsn = None, user = None, password = None, host = None, database = None): # first get params from DSN dbport = -1 dbhost = "" dbbase = "" dbuser = "" dbpasswd = "" dbopt = "" dbtty = "" try: params = string.split(dsn, ":") dbhost = params[0] dbbase = params[1] dbuser = params[2] dbpasswd = params[3] dbopt = params[4] dbtty = params[5] except: pass # override if necessary if user != None: dbuser = user if password != None: dbpasswd = password if database != None: dbbase = database if host != None: try: params = string.split(host, ":") dbhost = params[0] dbport = int(params[1]) except: pass # empty host is localhost if dbhost == "": dbhost = None if dbuser == "": dbuser = None # open the connection cnx = _connect_(dbbase, dbhost, dbport, dbopt, dbtty, dbuser, dbpasswd) return pgdbCnx(cnx) ### types handling # PostgreSQL is object-oriented: types are dynamic. We must thus use type names # as internal type codes. class pgdbType: def __init__(self, *values): self.values= values def __cmp__(self, other): if other in self.values: return 0 if other < self.values: return 1 else: return -1 STRING = pgdbType( 'char', 'bpchar', 'name', 'text', 'varchar' ) # BLOB support is pg specific BINARY = pgdbType() INTEGER = pgdbType('int2', 'int4', 'serial') NUMBER = pgdbType('int2', 'int4', 'serial', 'int8', 'float4', 'float8', 'numeric') LONG = pgdbType('int8') FLOAT = pgdbType('float4', 'float8', 'numeric') BOOL = pgdbType('bool') MONEY = pgdbType('money') # this may be problematic as type are quite different ... I hope it won't hurt DATETIME = pgdbType( 'abstime', 'reltime', 'tinterval', 'date', 'time', 'timespan', 'timestamp', 'timestamptz', 'interval' ) # OIDs are used for everything (types, tables, BLOBs, rows, ...). This may cause # confusion, but we are unable to find out what exactly is behind the OID (at # least not easily enough). Should this be undefined as BLOBs ? ROWID = pgdbType( 'oid', 'oid8' ) # mandatory type helpers def Date(year, month, day): return DateTime.DateTime(year, month, day) def Time(hour, minute, second): return DateTime.TimeDelta(hour, minute, second) def Timestamp(year, month, day, hour, minute, second): return DateTime.DateTime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) def DateFromTicks(ticks): return apply(Date, time.localtime(ticks)[:3]) def TimeFromTicks(ticks): return apply(Time, time.localtime(ticks)[3:6]) def TimestampFromTicks(ticks): return apply(Timestamp, time.localtime(ticks)[:6]) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/pg.py010064400017500000144000000221671017074172300131430ustar darcyusers# pg.py # Written by D'Arcy J.M. Cain # $Id: pg.py,v 1.28 2005/01/08 15:04:35 darcy Exp $ # This library implements some basic database management stuff. It # includes the pg module and builds on it. This is known as the # "Classic" interface. For DB-API compliance use the pgdb module. from _pg import * from types import * import string, re, sys # utility function # We expect int, seq, decimal, text or date (more later) def _quote(d, t): if d == None: return "NULL" if t in ['int', 'seq']: if d == "": return "NULL" return "%d" % long(d) if t == 'decimal': if d == "": return "NULL" return "%f" % float(d) if t == 'money': if d == "": return "NULL" return "'%.2f'" % float(d) if t == 'bool': # Can't run upper() on these if d in (0, 1): return ("'f'", "'t'")[d] if string.upper(d) in ['T', 'TRUE', 'Y', 'YES', '1', 'ON']: return "'t'" else: return "'f'" if t == 'date' and d == '': return "NULL" if t in ('inet', 'cidr') and d == '': return "NULL" return "'%s'" % string.strip(re.sub("'", "''", \ re.sub("\\\\", "\\\\\\\\", "%s" % d))) class DB: """This class wraps the pg connection type""" def __init__(self, *args, **kw): self.db = connect(*args, **kw) # Create convenience methods, in a way that is still overridable # (members are not copied because they are actually functions) for e in self.db.__methods__: if e not in ("close", "query"): # These are wrapped separately setattr(self, e, getattr(self.db, e)) self.__attnames = {} self.__pkeys = {} self.__args = args, kw self.debug = None # For debugging scripts, this can be set to a # string format specification (e.g. in a CGI # set to "%s
",) to a function which takes # a string argument or a file object to write # debug statements to. def _do_debug(self, s): if not self.debug: return if isinstance(self.debug, StringType): print self.debug % s if isinstance(self.debug, FunctionType): self.debug(s) if isinstance(self.debug, FileType): print >> self.debug, s # wrap close so we can track state def close(self,): self.db.close() self.db = None # in case we need another connection to the same database # note that we can still reopen a database that we have closed def reopen(self): if self.db: self.close() try: self.db = connect(*self.__args[0], **self.__args[1]) except: self.db = None raise # wrap query for debugging def query(self, qstr): self._do_debug(qstr) return self.db.query(qstr) def pkey(self, cl, newpkey = None): """This method returns the primary key of a class. If newpkey is set and is set and is not a dictionary then set that value as the primary key of the class. If it is a dictionary then replace the __pkeys dictionary with it.""" # Get all the primary keys at once if isinstance(newpkey, DictType): self.__pkeys = newpkey return if newpkey: self.__pkeys[cl] = newpkey return newpkey if self.__pkeys == {}: for rel, att in self.db.query("""SELECT pg_class.relname, pg_attribute.attname FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_index WHERE pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid AND pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid AND pg_index.indkey[0] = pg_attribute.attnum AND pg_index.indisprimary = 't' AND pg_attribute.attisdropped = 'f'""").getresult(): self.__pkeys[rel] = att # Give it one more chance in case it was added after we started elif not self.__pkeys.has_key(cl): self.__pkeys = {} return self.pkey(cl) # will raise an exception if primary key doesn't exist return self.__pkeys[cl] def get_databases(self): return [x[0] for x in self.db.query("SELECT datname FROM pg_database").getresult()] def get_tables(self): return [x[0] for x in self.db.query("""SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r' AND relname !~ '^Inv' AND relname !~ '^pg_'""").getresult()] def get_attnames(self, cl, newattnames = None): """This method gets a list of attribute names for a class. If the optional newattnames exists it must be a dictionary and will become the new attribute names dictionary.""" if isinstance(newattnames, DictType): self.__attnames = newattnames return elif newattnames: raise ProgrammingError, \ "If supplied, newattnames must be a dictionary" # May as well cache them if self.__attnames.has_key(cl): return self.__attnames[cl] # check for schema name if cl.find('.') == -1: schema = 'public' table = cl else: try: schema, table = cl.split('.') except ValueError, err: raise ProgrammingError('Invalid class %s' % cl) query = """SELECT pg_attribute.attname, pg_type.typname FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_type, pg_namespace WHERE pg_class.relname = '%s' AND pg_namespace.nspname = '%s' AND pg_attribute.attnum > 0 AND pg_attribute.attrelid = pg_class.oid AND pg_attribute.atttypid = pg_type.oid AND pg_class.relnamespace = pg_namespace.oid AND pg_attribute.attisdropped = 'f'""" % (table, schema) l = {} for attname, typname in self.db.query(query).getresult(): if re.match("^interval", typname): l[attname] = 'date' elif re.match("^int", typname): l[attname] = 'int' elif re.match("^oid", typname): l[attname] = 'int' elif re.match("^text", typname): l[attname] = 'text' elif re.match("^char", typname): l[attname] = 'text' elif re.match("^name", typname): l[attname] = 'text' elif re.match("^abstime", typname): l[attname] = 'date' elif re.match("^date", typname): l[attname] = 'date' elif re.match("^timestamp", typname): l[attname] = 'date' elif re.match("^bool", typname): l[attname] = 'bool' elif re.match("^float", typname): l[attname] = 'decimal' elif re.match("^money", typname): l[attname] = 'money' else: l[attname] = 'text' l['oid'] = 'int' # every table has this self.__attnames[cl] = l # cache it return self.__attnames[cl] # return a tuple from a database def get(self, cl, arg, keyname = None, view = 0): if cl[-1] == '*': # need parent table name xcl = cl[:-1] else: xcl = cl if keyname == None: # use the primary key by default keyname = self.pkey(xcl) fnames = self.get_attnames(xcl) if isinstance(arg, DictType): # To allow users to work with multiple tables we munge the # name when the key is "oid" if keyname == 'oid': k = arg['oid_%s' % xcl] else: k = arg[keyname] else: k = arg arg = {} # We want the oid for later updates if that isn't the key if keyname == 'oid': q = "SELECT * FROM %s WHERE oid = %s" % (cl, k) elif view: q = "SELECT * FROM %s WHERE %s = %s" % \ (cl, keyname, _quote(k, fnames[keyname])) else: q = "SELECT oid AS oid_%s, %s FROM %s WHERE %s = %s" % \ (xcl, string.join(fnames.keys(), ','),\ cl, keyname, _quote(k, fnames[keyname])) self._do_debug(q) res = self.db.query(q).dictresult() if res == []: raise DatabaseError, \ "No such record in %s where %s is %s" % \ (cl, keyname, _quote(k, fnames[keyname])) return None for k in res[0].keys(): arg[k] = res[0][k] return arg # Inserts a new tuple into a table # We currently don't support insert into views although PostgreSQL does def insert(self, cl, a): fnames = self.get_attnames(cl) l = [] n = [] for f in fnames.keys(): if f != 'oid' and a.has_key(f): l.append(_quote(a[f], fnames[f])) n.append(f) q = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % \ (cl, string.join(n, ','), string.join(l, ',')) self._do_debug(q) a['oid_%s' % cl] = self.db.query(q) # reload the dictionary to catch things modified by engine # note that get() changes 'oid' below to oid_table # if no read perms (it can and does happen) return None try: return self.get(cl, a, 'oid') except: return None # Update always works on the oid which get returns if available # otherwise use the primary key. Fail if neither. def update(self, cl, a): foid = 'oid_%s' % cl if a.has_key(foid): where = "oid = %s" % a[foid] else: try: pk = self.pkey(cl) except: raise ProgrammingError, \ "Update needs primary key or oid as %s" % foid where = "%s = '%s'" % (pk, a[pk]) v = [] k = 0 fnames = self.get_attnames(cl) for ff in fnames.keys(): if ff != 'oid' and a.has_key(ff): v.append("%s = %s" % (ff, _quote(a[ff], fnames[ff]))) if v == []: return None q = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (cl, string.join(v, ','), where) self._do_debug(q) self.db.query(q) # reload the dictionary to catch things modified by engine if a.has_key(foid): return self.get(cl, a, 'oid') else: return self.get(cl, a) # At some point we will need a way to get defaults from a table def clear(self, cl, a = {}): fnames = self.get_attnames(cl) for ff in fnames.keys(): if fnames[ff] in ['int', 'decimal', 'seq', 'money']: a[ff] = 0 else: a[ff] = "" a['oid'] = 0 return a # Like update, delete works on the oid # one day we will be testing that the record to be deleted # isn't referenced somewhere (or else PostgreSQL will) def delete(self, cl, a): q = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE oid = %s" % (cl, a['oid_%s' % cl]) self._do_debug(q) self.db.query(q) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/ChangeLog010064400017500000144000000147071017074172300137360ustar darcyusersPyGreSQL changelog. =================== This software is copyright (c) 1995, Pascal Andre (andre@via.ecp.fr) Further copyright 1997 to 2003 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain (darcy@druid.net) See file README for copyright information. Version 3.6.1 - Fix namespace handling Version 3.6 - Better DB-API 2.0 compliance - Exception hierarchy moved into C module and made available to both APIs - Fix error in update method that caused false exceptions - Moved to standard exception hierarchy in classic API - Added new method to get transaction state - Use proper Python constants where appropriate - Use Python versions of strtol, etc. Allows WIN32 build - Bug fixes and cleanups Version 3.5 fixes and enhancements. - Add interval to list of data types - fix up method wrapping especially close() - retry pkeys once if table missing in case it was just added - wrap query method separately to handle debug better - use isinstance instead of type - fix free/PQfreemem issue - finally Version 3.4 Some cleanups and fixes. This is the first version where PyGreSQL is moved back out of the PostgreSQL tree. A lot of the changes mentioned below were actually made while in the PostgreSQL tree since their last release. - Allow for larger integer returns - Return proper strings for true and false - Cleanup convenience method creation - Enhance debugging method - Add reopen method - Allow programs to preload field names for speedup - Move OID handling so that it returns long instead of int - Miscellaneous cleanups and formatting Version 3.3 A few cleanups. Mostly there was some confusion about the latest version and so I am bumping the number to keep it straight. - Added NUMERICOID to list of returned types. This fixes a bug when returning aggregates. Version 3.2 - Add WIN32 support (gerhard@bigfoot.de) - Fix some DB-API quoting problems (niall.smart@ebeon.com) - Moved development into PostgreSQL development tree. Version 3.1 - Fix some quoting functions. In particular handle NULLs better. - Use a method to add primary key information rather than direct manipulation of the class structures. - Break decimal out in _quote (in pg.py) and treat it as float. - Treat timestamp like date for quoting purposes. - Remove a redundant SELECT from the get method speeding it, and insert since it calls get, up a little. - Add test for BOOL type in typecast method to pgdbTypeCache class. (tv@beamnet.de) - Fix pgdb.py to send port as integer to lower level function (dildog@l0pht.com) - Change pg.py to speed up some operations - Allow updates on tables with no primary keys. Version 3.0 - Remove strlen() call from pglarge_write() and get size from object. (Richard@Bouska.cz) - Add a little more error checking to the quote function in the wrapper - Add extra checking in _quote function - Wrap query in pg.py for debugging - Add DB-API 2.0 support to pgmodule.c (andre@via.ecp.fr) - Add DB-API 2.0 wrapper pgdb.py (andre@via.ecp.fr) - Correct keyword clash (temp) in tutorial - Clean up layout of tutorial - Return NULL values as None (rlawrence@lastfoot.com) - Change None to NULL in insert and update - Change hash-bang lines to use /usr/bin/env - Clearing date should be blank (NULL) not TODAY - Quote backslashes in strings in _quote (brian@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU) - Expanded and clarified build instructions (tbryan@starship.python.net) - Make code thread safe (Jerome.Alet@unice.fr) - Add README.distutils (mwa@gate.net & jeremy@cnri.reston.va.us) - Many fixes and increased DB-API compliance by chifungfan@yahoo.com, tony@printra.net, jeremy@alum.mit.edu and others to get the final version ready to release. Version 2.4 - Insert returns None if the user doesn't have select permissions on the table. It can (and does) happen that one has insert but not select permissions on a table. - Added ntuples() method to query object (brit@druid.net) - Corrected a bug related to getresult() and the money type - Corrected a bug related to negative money amounts - Allow update based on primary key if munged oid not available and table has a primary key - Add many __doc__ strings. (andre@via.ecp.fr) - Get method works with views if key specified Version 2.3 - connect.host returns "localhost" when connected to Unix socket (torppa@tuhnu.cutery.fi) - Use PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords in connect() (torppa@tuhnu.cutery.fi) - fixes and cleanups (torppa@tuhnu.cutery.fi) - Fixed memory leak in dictresult() (terekhov@emc.com) - Deprecated pgext.py - functionality now in pg.py - More cleanups to the tutorial - Added fileno() method - terekhov@emc.com (Mikhail Terekhov) - added money type to quoting function - Compiles cleanly with more warnings turned on - Returns PostgreSQL error message on error - Init accepts keywords (Jarkko Torppa) - Convenience functions can be overridden (Jarkko Torppa) - added close() method Version 2.2 - Added user and password support thanks to Ng Pheng Siong - Insert queries return the inserted oid - Add new pg wrapper (C modile renamed to _pg) - Wrapped database connection in a class. - Cleaned up some of the tutorial. (More work needed.) - Added version and __version__. Thanks to thilo@eevolute.com for the suggestion. Version 2.1 - return fields as proper Python objects for field type - Cleaned up pgext.py - Added dictresult method Version 2.0 (23/12/1997): - updated code for PostgreSQL 6.2.1 and Python 1.5 - reformatted code and converted to ANSI - Changed name to PyGreSQL (from PyGres95) - changed order of arguments to connect function - Created new type pgqueryobject and moved certain methods to it. - Added a print function for pgqueryobject Version 1.0b (4/11/1995): - keyword support for connect function moved from library file to C code and taken away from library. - rewrote documentation - bug fix in connect function - enhancements in large objects interface methods Version 1.0a (30/10/1995) (limited release): - module adapted to standard Python syntax - keyword support for connect function in library file - rewrote default parameters interface (internal use of strings) - fixed minor bugs in module interface - redefinition of error messages Version 0.9b (10/10/1995) (first public release): - large objects implementation - many bug fixes, enhancements, ... Version 0.1a (7/10/1995): - basic libpq functions (SQL access) PyGreSQL-3.6.1/Announce010064400017500000144000000204601017074172300136460ustar darcyusers Announce: Release of PyGreSQL version 3.6.1 =========================================== PyGreSQL v3.6.1 has been released. It is available at: ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/PyGreSQL-3.6.tgz. If you are running NetBSD, look in the packages directory under databases. There is also a package in the FreeBSD ports collection. From March 1 2001 the PyGreSQL development has moved into the PostgreSQL development tree. Starting with the 3.3 release it has been moved back to a separate project. PostgreSQL is a database system derived from Postgres4.2. It conforms to (most of) ANSI SQL and offers many interesting capabilities (C dynamic linking for functions or type definition, etc.). This package is copyright by the Regents of the University of California, and is freely distributable. Python is an interpreted programming language. It is object oriented, simple to use (light syntax, simple and straightforward statements), and has many extensions for building GUIs, interfacing with WWW, etc. An intelligent web browser (HotJava like) is currently under development (November 1995), and this should open programmers many doors. Python is copyrighted by Stichting S Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and is freely distributable. PyGreSQL is a python module that interfaces to a PostgreSQL database. It embeds the PostgreSQL query library to allow easy use of the powerful PostgreSQL features from a Python script. This release primarily fixes a bug where the classic API does not correctly handle namespaces. See the other changes below or in the Changelog file. PyGreSQL 2.0 was developed and tested on a NetBSD 1.3_BETA system. It is based on the PyGres95 code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. I changed the version to 2.0 and updated the code for Python 1.5 and PostgreSQL 6.2.1. While I was at it I upgraded the code to use full ANSI style prototypes and changed the order of arguments to connect. Later versions are fixes and enhancements to that. The latest version of PyGreSQL works with Python 1.5.2 and PostgreSQL 7.0.x Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.5 to PyGreSQL 3.6.1 - Fix namespace handling Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.5 to PyGreSQL 3.6 - Better DB-API 2.0 compliance - Exception hierarchy moved into C module and made available to both APIs - Fix error in update method that caused false exceptions - Moved to standard exception hierarchy in classic API - Added new method to get transaction state - Use proper Python constants where appropriate - Use Python versions of strtol, etc. Allows WIN32 build - Bug fixes and cleanups Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.4 to PyGreSQL 3.5 - Add interval to list of data types - fix up method wrapping especially close() - retry pkeys once if table missing in case it was just added - wrap query method separately to handle debug better - use isinstance instead of type - fix free/PQfreemem issue - finally Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.3 to PyGreSQL 3.4 - Moved back out of PostgreSQL tree - Allow for larger integer returns - Return proper strings for true and false - Cleanup convenience method creation - Enhance debugging method - Add reopen method - Allow programs to preload field names for speedup - Move OID handling so that it returns long instead of int - Miscellaneous cleanups and formatting Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.2 to PyGreSQL 3.3 - Added NUMERICOID to list of returned types. This fixes a bug when returning aggregates in the latest version of PostgreSQL. Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.1 to PyGreSQL 3.2 Note that there are very few changes to PostgreSQL between 3.1 and 3.2. The main reason for the release is the move into the PostgreSQL development tree. Even the WIN32 changes are pretty minor. - Add WIN32 support (gerhard@bigfoot.de) - Fix some DB-API quoting problems (niall.smart@ebeon.com) - Moved development into PostgreSQL development tree. Important changes from PyGreSQL 3.0 to PyGreSQL 3.1 - Fix some quoting functions. In particular handle NULLs better. - Use a method to add primary key information rather than direct manipulation of the class structures. - Break decimal out in _quote (in pg.py) and treat it as float. - Treat timestamp like date for quoting purposes. - Remove a redundant SELECT from the get method speeding it, and insert since it calls get, up a little. - Add test for BOOL type in typecast method to pgdbTypeCache class. (tv@beamnet.de) - Fix pgdb.py to send port as integer to lower level function (dildog@l0pht.com) - Change pg.py to speed up some operations - Allow updates on tables with no primary keys. Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.4 to PyGreSQL 3.0: - Remove strlen() call from pglarge_write() and get size from object. (Richard@Bouska.cz) - Add a little more error checking to the quote function in the wrapper - Add extra checking in _quote function - Wrap query in pg.py for debugging - Add DB-API 2.0 support to pgmodule.c (andre@via.ecp.fr) - Add DB-API 2.0 wrapper pgdb.py (andre@via.ecp.fr) - Correct keyword clash (temp) in tutorial - Clean up layout of tutorial - Return NULL values as None (rlawrence@lastfoot.com) (WARNING: This will cause backwards compatibility issues.) - Change None to NULL in insert and update - Change hash-bang lines to use /usr/bin/env - Clearing date should be blank (NULL) not TODAY - Quote backslashes in strings in _quote (brian@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU) - Expanded and clarified build instructions (tbryan@starship.python.net) - Make code thread safe (Jerome.Alet@unice.fr) - Add README.distutils (mwa@gate.net & jeremy@cnri.reston.va.us) - Many fixes and increased DB-API compliance by chifungfan@yahoo.com, tony@printra.net, jeremy@alum.mit.edu and others to get the final version ready to release. Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.3 to PyGreSQL 2.4: - Insert returns None if the user doesn't have select permissions on the table. It can (and does) happen that one has insert but not select permissions on a table. - Added ntuples() method to query object (brit@druid.net) - Corrected a bug related to getresult() and the money type - Corrected a bug related to negative money amounts - Allow update based on primary key if munged oid not available and table has a primary key - Add many __doc__ strings. (andre@via.ecp.fr) - Get method works with views if key specified Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.2 to PyGreSQL 2.3: - connect.host returns "localhost" when connected to Unix socket (torppa@tuhnu.cutery.fi) - Use PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords in connect() (torppa@tuhnu.cutery.fi) - fixes and cleanups (torppa@tuhnu.cutery.fi) - Fixed memory leak in dictresult() (terekhov@emc.com) - Deprecated pgext.py - functionality now in pg.py - More cleanups to the tutorial - Added fileno() method - terekhov@emc.com (Mikhail Terekhov) - added money type to quoting function - Compiles cleanly with more warnings turned on - Returns PostgreSQL error message on error - Init accepts keywords (Jarkko Torppa) - Convenience functions can be overridden (Jarkko Torppa) - added close() method Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.1 to PyGreSQL 2.2: - Added user and password support thanks to Ng Pheng Siong - Insert queries return the inserted oid - Add new pg wrapper (C module renamed to _pg) - Wrapped database connection in a class. - Cleaned up some of the tutorial. (More work needed.) - Added version and __version__. Thanks to thilo@eevolute.com for the suggestion. Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.0 to PyGreSQL 2.1: - return fields as proper Python objects for field type - Cleaned up pgext.py - Added dictresult method Important changes from Pygres95 1.0b to PyGreSQL 2.0: - Updated code for PostgreSQL 6.2.1 and Python 1.5. - Reformatted code and converted to ANSI . - Changed name to PyGreSQL (from PyGres95.) - Changed order of arguments to connect function. - Created new type pgqueryobject and moved certain methods to it. - Added a print function for pgqueryobject - Various code changes - mostly stylistic. For more information about each package, please have a look to their web pages: - Python : http://www.python.org/ - PostgreSQL : http://www.PostgreSQL.org/ - PyGreSQL : http://www.PyGreSQL.org/ D'Arcy J.M. Cain darcy@PyGreSQL.org