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338.8 S(in J. Dunlap).325 E F4(2)-5.2 I F3(Michael J. Karels)242.331
354.4 Q(Computer Systems Research Group)195.024 374.2 Q
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405.4 Q(Uni)225.795 421 Q -.195(ve)-.325 G(rsity of California).195 E
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(nt).25 G 1.947(hough the)-4.447 F F4(DEC.COM)4.446 E F3(zone)4.446 E F2
1.946(includes only)4.446 F F3(dele)87 304.8 Q(gations)-.4 E F2 2.427
(for the)4.926 F F4 -.828(PA)4.927 G(.DEC.COM).828 E F2(and)4.927 E F4
(CRL.DEC.COM)4.927 E F2 4.927(zones. A)4.927 F 2.427(zone can map e)
4.927 F 2.427(xactly to a single)-.15 F 1.233(domain, b)87 316.8 R 1.232
(ut could also include only part of a domain \(the rest of which could be dele)
-.2 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.232(ted to other).05 F .628(name serv)87 328.8 R
3.128(ers\). T)-.15 F .628(echnically speaking, e)-.7 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.629(ry name in the DNS tree is a `).15 F(`domain')-.74 E .629(', e)-.74
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.129(ni).15 G 3.129(fi)-3.129 G 3.129(ti)-3.129 G
3.129(s`)-3.129 G(`termi-)-3.869 E(nal')87 340.8 Q 1.545
(', that is, has no `)-.74 F(`subdomains')-.74 E 4.044('. T)-.74 F 1.544
(echnically speaking, e)-.7 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.544
(ry subdomain is a domain and e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E .302
(domain e)87 352.8 R .302(xcept the root is also a subdomain.)-.15 F
.302(The terminology is not intuiti)5.302 F .602 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .302
(nd you w).15 F .303(ould do well to)-.1 F(read RFC')87 364.8 Q 2.5(s1)
-.55 G(033, 1034, and 1035 to g)-2.5 E
(ain a complete understanding of this dif)-.05 E
(\214cult and subtle topic.)-.25 E(Though)112 381 Q F4(BIND)3.284 E F2
.784(is a)3.284 F F3(Domain)3.284 E F2 .784(Name Serv)3.284 F(er)-.15 E
3.284(,i)-.4 G 3.284(td)-3.284 G .784(eals primarily in terms of)-3.284
F F3(zones)3.284 E F2 5.784(.T)C(he)-5.784 E F3(primary)3.284 E F2(and)
3.284 E F3(secondary)87 393 Q F2 .98(declarations in the)3.48 F F3
(named.boot)3.48 E F2 .98(\214le specify)3.48 F F3(zones)3.48 E F2 3.48
(,n)C(ot)-3.48 E F3(domains)3.48 E F2 5.98(.W)C .98
(hen you ask someone if)-5.98 F(the)87 405 Q 2.742(ya)-.15 G .241
(re willing to be a secondary serv)-2.742 F .241(er for your `)-.15 F
(`domain')-.74 E .241(', you are actually asking for secondary ser)-.74
F(-)-.2 E(vice for some collection of)87 417 Q F3(zones)2.5 E F2(.)A
.964(Each zone will ha)112 433.2 R 1.264 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .964(ne `).15 F
(`primary')-.74 E 3.465('s)-.74 G(erv)-3.465 E(er)-.15 E 3.465(,w)-.4 G
.965(hich loads the zone contents from some local \214le)-3.465 F 1.786
(which is edited by humans or perhaps generated mechanically from some other local \214le which is)
87 445.2 R .458(edited by humans.)87 457.2 R .459
(Then there will be some number of `)5.458 F(`secondary')-.74 E 2.959
('s)-.74 G(erv)-2.959 E .459(ers, which load the zone con-)-.15 F 1.187
(tents using the)87 469.2 R F4(IP/DNS)3.687 E F2 1.187
(protocol \(that is, the secondary serv)3.687 F 1.186
(ers will contact the primary and fetch the)-.15 F .597(zone using)87
481.2 R F4(IP/TCP)3.097 E F2 3.097(\). This)B .598(set of serv)3.098 F
.598
(ers \(the primary and all of the secondaries\) should be listed in the)
-.15 F F3(NS)87 493.2 Q F2 .883
(records in the parent zone, which will constitute a `)3.383 F(`dele)
-.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion').05 E 3.383('. This)-.74 F .883(set of serv)
3.383 F .883(ers must also be)-.15 F .471
(listed in the zone \214le itself, usually under the `)87 505.2 R(`@')
-.74 E 2.972('n)-.74 G .472
(ame which is a magic cookie that means the `)-2.972 F(`top)-.74 E(le)87
517.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.043('o)-.74 G 3.043(r`)-3.043 G
(`root')-3.783 E 3.043('o)-.74 G 3.043(fc)-3.043 G .543(urrent zone.)
-3.043 F -1.1(Yo)5.543 G 3.043(uc)1.1 G .543(an list serv)-3.043 F .543
(ers in the zone')-.15 F 3.043(st)-.55 G(op-le)-3.043 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.043(l`).15 G(`@')-3.783 E(')-.74 E F3(NS)3.042 E F2 .542
(records that are)3.042 F .448(not in the parent')87 529.2 R(s)-.55 E F3
(NS)2.949 E F2(dele)2.949 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .449(tion, b).05 F .449
(ut you cannot list serv)-.2 F .449(ers in the parent')-.15 F 2.949(sd)
-.55 G(ele)-2.949 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .449(tion that are not pre-).05 F .15
(sent in the zone')87 541.2 R 2.65(s`)-.55 G(`@')-3.39 E 2.65('. An)-.74
F 2.65(ys)-.15 G(erv)-2.65 E .149(ers listed in the)-.15 F F3(NS)2.649 E
F2 .149(records must be con\214gured as authoritati)2.649 F .449 -.15
(ve \()-.25 H(either).15 E .343(primary or secondary\) for the zone.)87
553.2 R .343(If a serv)5.343 F .343(er listed in a)-.15 F F3(NS)2.843 E
F2 .343(record is not authoritati)2.843 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.844(,i).15 G
2.844(tw)-2.844 G .344(ill respond)-2.844 F(with a `)87 565.2 Q
(`lame dele)-.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion').05 E 2.5('w)-.74 G
(hen queried.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(5. T)72 601.2 R(ypes of Ser)-.74 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G(rs).1 E F2(Serv)112 617.4 Q .692(ers do not really ha)-.15 F .991
-.15(ve `)-.2 H(`types')-.59 E 3.191('. A)-.74 F(serv)3.191 E .691
(er can be a primary for some zones and a secondary)-.15 F 1.015
(for others, or it can be only a primary)87 629.4 R 3.515(,o)-.65 G
3.515(ro)-3.515 G 1.015(nly a secondary)-3.515 F 3.515(,o)-.65 G 3.515
(ri)-3.515 G 3.515(tc)-3.515 G 1.015(an serv)-3.515 F 3.516(en)-.15 G
3.516(oz)-3.516 G 1.016(ones and just answer)-3.516 F 2.346
(queries via its `)87 641.4 R(`cache')-.74 E 4.846('. Pre)-.74 F 2.346
(vious v)-.25 F 2.346(ersions of this document referred to serv)-.15 F
2.345(ers as `)-.15 F(`master')-.74 E 4.845('a)-.74 G(nd)-4.845 E -.74
(``)87 653.4 S(sla).74 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 1.868 -.74('' b).15 H .388
(ut we no).54 F 2.888(wf)-.25 G .388
(eel that those distinctions \212 and the assignment of a `)-2.888 F
(`type')-.74 E 2.889('t)-.74 G 2.889(oan)-2.889 G .389(ame serv)-2.889 F
.389(er \212)-.15 F(are not useful.)87 665.4 Q F0 2.5(5.1. Caching)87
689.4 R(Only Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 1.65(All serv)127 705.6 R
1.65(ers are caching serv)-.15 F 4.149(ers. This)-.15 F 1.649
(means that the serv)4.149 F 1.649(er caches the information that it)
-.15 F(recei)102 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.53(sf).15 G .03
(or use until the data e)-2.53 F 2.53(xpires. A)-.15 F F3(Cac)2.53 E
.031(hing Only Server)-.15 F F2 .031(is a serv)2.531 F .031
(er that is not authoritati)-.15 F .331 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(or).15 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-4 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1
G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(an)102 96 Q 2.839(yz)-.15 G 2.839
(one. This)-2.839 F(serv)2.839 E .339
(er services queries and asks other serv)-.15 F .339(ers, who ha)-.15 F
.639 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .338(he authority).15 F 2.838(,f)-.65 G .338
(or the infor)-2.838 F(-)-.2 E .634(mation needed.)102 108 R .634
(All serv)5.634 F .634(ers k)-.15 F .635
(eep data in their cache until the data e)-.1 F .635(xpires, based on a)
-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(TTL)3.135 E F2(\(`)3.135 E(`T)-.74 E(ime)
-.35 E 1.6 -.8(To L)102 120 T -2.15 -.25(iv e).8 H -.74('').25 G 2.5
<298c>.74 G(eld which is maintained for all resource records.)-2.5 E F0
2.5(5.2. Remote)87 144 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 2.695(AR)127
160.2 S .195(emote Serv)-2.695 F .195(er is an option gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.695(nt).15 G 2.695(op)-2.695 G .195(eople who w)-2.695 F .195
(ould lik)-.1 F 2.695(et)-.1 G 2.695(ou)-2.695 G .195(se a name serv)
-2.695 F .195(er from their)-.15 F -.1(wo)102 172.2 S 1.73(rkstation or on a machine that has a limited amount of memory and CPU c)
.1 F 4.23(ycles. W)-.15 F 1.73(ith this)-.4 F .162
(option you can run all of the netw)102 184.2 R .162
(orking programs that use the name serv)-.1 F .161
(er without the name serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E .802
(running on the local machine.)102 196.2 R .803
(All of the queries are serviced by a name serv)5.803 F .803
(er that is running on)-.15 F .198(another machine on the netw)102 208.2
R 2.698(ork. A)-.1 F .198(host which has an)2.698 F F3(/etc/r)2.698 E
(esolv)-.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2 .198(\214le listing only remote hosts,)
2.698 F .223(and which does not run a name serv)102 220.2 R .223
(er of its o)-.15 F .224(wn, is sometimes called a Remote Serv)-.25 F
.224(er \(because the)-.15 F .316(actual serv)102 232.2 R .316
(er is remote?\) b)-.15 F .316
(ut more often it is called simply a DNS Client.)-.2 F .315
(This kind of host is tech-)5.316 F(nically not a `)102 244.2 Q(`serv)
-.74 E(er')-.15 E(', since it has no cache and does not answer queries.)
-.74 E F0 2.5(5.3. Sla)87 268.2 R .2 -.1(ve S)-.25 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1
G(r).1 E F2 3.234(AS)127 284.4 S(la)-3.234 E 1.034 -.15(ve S)-.2 H(erv)
.15 E .734(er is a serv)-.15 F .734(er that al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .734
(ys forw).1 F .734(ards queries it cannot satisfy from its cache, to a)
-.1 F<8c78>102 296.4 Q .909(ed list of)-.15 F F3(forwar)3.409 E(ding)
-.37 E F2(serv)3.409 E .909
(ers instead of interacting with the name serv)-.15 F .908
(ers for the root and other)-.15 F 3.308(domains. The)102 308.4 R .808
(queries to the)3.308 F F3(forwar)3.308 E .808(ding server)-.37 F(s)-.1
E F2 .808(are recursi)3.308 F 1.108 -.15(ve q)-.25 H 3.308
(ueries. There).15 F .808(may be one or more)3.308 F(forw)102 320.4 Q
.215(arding serv)-.1 F .215(ers, and the)-.15 F 2.714(ya)-.15 G .214
(re tried in turn until the list is e)-2.714 F 2.714(xhausted. A)-.15 F
(Sla)2.714 E .514 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .214(nd forw).15 F .214(arder con-)-.1
F .618(\214guration is typically used when you do not wish all the serv)
102 332.4 R .619(ers at a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(ns).15 G .619
(ite to interact with the)-3.119 F 2.008(rest of the Internet serv)102
344.4 R 4.508(ers. A)-.15 F 2.008(typical scenario w)4.508 F 2.008
(ould in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E 4.508(ean)-.15 G 2.008(umber of w)
-4.508 F 2.008(orkstations and a)-.1 F .033
(departmental timesharing machine with Internet access.)102 356.4 R .033
(The w)5.033 F .033(orkstations might be administrati)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
G(ly).15 E 1.17(prohibited from ha)102 368.4 R 1.17
(ving Internet access.)-.2 F 2.769 -.8(To g)6.169 H -2.15 -.25(iv e).8 H
1.169(the w)3.919 F 1.169(orkstations the appearance of access to the)
-.1 F .588(Internet domain system, the w)102 380.4 R .588
(orkstations could be Sla)-.1 F .889 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(erv).15 E .589
(ers to the timesharing machine which)-.15 F -.1(wo)102 392.4 S .044
(uld forw).1 F .044(ard the queries and interact with other name serv)
-.1 F .044(ers to resolv)-.15 F 2.544(et)-.15 G .044
(he query before returning)-2.544 F .3(the answer)102 404.4 R 5.3(.A)
-.55 G 2.8(na)-5.3 G .3(dded bene\214t of using the forw)-2.8 F .301
(arding feature is that the central machine de)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .301
(lops a).15 F .373
(much more complete cache of information that all the w)102 416.4 R .373
(orkstations can tak)-.1 F 2.872(ea)-.1 G(dv)-2.872 E .372(antage of.)
-.25 F .372(The use)5.372 F .223(of Sla)102 428.4 R .523 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
.223(ode and forw).15 F .223
(arding is discussed further under the description of the)-.1 F F3
(named)2.724 E F2 .224(boot\214le com-)2.724 F(mands.)102 440.4 Q 1.174
(There is no prohibition ag)127 456.6 R 1.173(ainst declaring a serv)
-.05 F 1.173(er to be a)-.15 F F3(slave)3.673 E F2 -2.15 -.25(ev e)3.673
H 3.673(nt).25 G 1.173(hough it has)-3.673 F F3(primary)3.673 E F2
(and/or)102 468.6 Q F3(secondary)3.422 E F2 .922(zones as well; the ef)
3.422 F .922(fect will still be that an)-.25 F .923
(ything in the local serv)-.15 F(er')-.15 E 3.423(sc)-.55 G .923
(ache or)-3.423 F(zones will be answered, and an)102 480.6 Q
(ything else will be forw)-.15 E(arded using the)-.1 E F3(forwar)2.5 E
(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2(list.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6. Files)72 516.6 R F2 .082
(The name serv)112 532.8 R .081(er uses se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .081
(ral \214les to load its data base.).15 F .081(This section co)5.081 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G .081(rs the \214les and their for).15 F(-)-.2 E
(mats needed for)87 544.8 Q F3(named)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1. Boot)87
568.8 R(File)2.5 E F2 .05(This is the \214le that is \214rst read when)
127 585 R F3(named)2.55 E F2 .051(starts up.)2.551 F .051
(This tells the serv)5.051 F .051(er what type of serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E
.275(it is, which zones it has authority o)102 597 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.775(ra).15 G .275(nd where to get its initial data.)-2.775 F .274
(The def)5.274 F .274(ault location for this)-.1 F .259(\214le is)102
609 R F3 -.834(/etc /named.boot)2.759 F F2 5.26(.H)1.666 G -.25(ow)-5.26
G -2.15 -.25(ev e).25 H 2.76(rt).25 G .26
(his can be changed by setting the)-2.76 F F3(BOO)2.76 E(TFILE)-.4 E F2
-.25(va)2.76 G .26(riable when you).25 F(compile)102 621 Q F3(named)2.5
E F2(or by specifying the location on the command line when)2.5 E F3
(named)2.5 E F2(is started up.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.1. Domain)102 645 R F2
2.5(Ad)142 661.2 S(ef)-2.5 E
(ault domain may be speci\214ed for the name serv)-.1 E
(er using a line such as)-.15 E F3 3.5(domain Berk)167 677.4 R(ele)-.1 E
(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3(Edu)1.666 E F2 .023(Older name serv)117 693.6 R
.023(ers use this information when the)-.15 F 2.523(yr)-.15 G(ecei)
-2.523 E .323 -.15(ve a q)-.25 H .023(uery for a name without a `).15 F
(`)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 1.502 -.74('' t)D(hat).74 E 1.469(is not kno)117
705.6 R 3.969(wn. Ne)-.25 F 1.469(wer designs assume that the resolv)
-.25 F 1.47(er library will append its o)-.15 F 1.47(wn idea of a)-.25 F
-.74(``)117 717.6 S(def).74 E .163(ault domain')-.1 F 2.663('t)-.74 G
2.662(oa)-2.663 G .462 -.15(ny u)-2.662 H .162(nquali\214ed names.).15 F
.162(Though the name serv)5.162 F .162(er can still be compiled with)
-.15 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-5)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .268(support for the)
117 96 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(domain)2.768 E F2(directi)2.768 E .568
-.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.768(nt).15 G .268(he boot \214le, the def)-2.768 F
.268(ault is to lea)-.1 F .569 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.769(to).15 G .269
(ut and we strenuously)-2.769 F .066(recommend ag)117 108 R .066
(ainst its use.)-.05 F .066
(If you use this feature, clients outside your local domain which send)
5.066 F .504(you requests about unquali\214ed names will ha)117 120 R
.804 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .504
(he implicit quali\214cation of your domain rather).15 F .027
(than theirs.)117 132 R .026
(The proper place for this function is on the client, in their)5.027 F
F0(/etc/r)2.526 E(esolv)-.18 E(.conf)-.7 E F2 .026(\(or equi)2.526 F(v-)
-.25 E(alent\) \214le.)117 144 Q(Use of the)5 E F3(domain)2.5 E F2
(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.5(ny).15 G
(our boot \214le is strongly discouraged.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.2. Dir)102
168 R(ectory)-.18 E F2(The)142 184.2 Q F3(dir)2.663 E(ectory)-.37 E F2
(directi)2.663 E .464 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .164
(peci\214es the directory in which the name serv).15 F .164
(er should run, allo)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E .222
(ing the other \214le names in the boot \214le to use relati)117 196.2 R
.522 -.15(ve p)-.25 H .222(ath names.).15 F .222(There can be only one)
5.222 F F3(dir)2.722 E(ec-)-.37 E(tory)117 208.2 Q F2(directi)2.5 E .3
-.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd it should be gi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb).15 G
(efore an)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther directi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(st).15 G(hat specify \214le names.)-2.5 E F3(dir)167 224.4 Q 45.25
(ectory /var/named)-.37 F F2 1.383(If you ha)117 240.6 R 1.684 -.15
(ve m)-.2 H 1.384(ore than a couple of named \214les to be maintained, you may wish to place the)
.15 F .649(named \214les in a directory such as /v)117 252.6 R .648
(ar/named and adjust the directory command properly)-.25 F 5.648(.T)-.65
G(he)-5.648 E .621(main purposes of this command are to mak)117 264.6 R
3.121(es)-.1 G .621(ure named is in the proper directory when trying)
-3.121 F .306(to include \214les by relati)117 276.6 R .606 -.15(ve p)
-.25 H .305(ath names with $INCLUDE and to allo).15 F 2.805(wn)-.25 G
.305(amed to run in a location)-2.805 F
(that is reasonable to dump core if it feels the ur)117 288.6 Q(ge.)-.18
E F0 2.5(6.1.3. Primary)102 312.6 R(Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .875
(The line in the boot \214le that designates the serv)142 328.8 R .875
(er as a primary master serv)-.15 F .876(er for a zone)-.15 F
(looks as follo)117 340.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 49.32(primary Berk)167 357 R
(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 -1.052(Edu ucbhosts)1.666 F F2 .879
(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 373.2 R .879
(er is a primary one for the zone stated in the second \214eld.)-.15 F(The third \214eld is the name of the \214le from which the data is read.)
117 385.2 Q .008(The abo)142 401.4 R .308 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .008
(ssumes that the zone you are specifying is a class).15 F F3(IN)2.508 E
F2 2.509(zone. If)2.509 F .009(you wish to des-)2.509 F .701
(ignate a dif)117 413.4 R .701(ferent class you can append)-.25 F F3
(/class)3.201 E F2 .701(to the \214rst \214eld, where)3.201 F F3(class)
3.2 E F2 .7(is either the inte)3.2 F(ger)-.15 E -.25(va)117 425.4 S .899
(lue or the standard mnemonic for the class.).25 F -.15(Fo)5.899 G 3.399
(re).15 G .9(xample the line for a primary serv)-3.549 F .9(er for a)
-.15 F(hesiod class zone looks as follo)117 437.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 20
(primary/HS Berk)167 453.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 7.5
(Edu hesiod.data)1.666 F F2 .858
(Note that this support for specifying other than class)117 469.8 R F3
(IN)3.358 E F2 .858(zones is a compile-time option which)3.358 F(your v)
117 481.8 Q(endor may not ha)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve e)-.2 H(nabled when the)
.15 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G(uilt your operating system.)-2.7 E F0 2.5
(6.1.4. Secondary)102 505.8 R(Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .946
(The line for a secondary serv)142 522 R .946
(er is similar to the primary e)-.15 F .947
(xcept that it lists addresses of)-.15 F(other serv)117 534 Q
(ers \(usually primary serv)-.15 E
(ers\) from which the zone data will be obtained.)-.15 E F3 40.44
(secondary Berk)167 550.2 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 -1.052
(Edu 128)1.666 F F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(10 128)B F0
(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(4u)C(cbhosts.bak)-2.5 E F2 1.17
(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 566.4 R 1.169
(er is a secondary serv)-.15 F 1.169
(er for the zone stated in the second)-.15 F 3.001(\214eld. The)117
578.4 R(tw)3.001 E 3.001(on)-.1 G(etw)-3.001 E .501
(ork addresses specify the name serv)-.1 F .501(ers which ha)-.15 F .802
-.15(ve d)-.2 H .502(ata for the zone.).15 F(Note)5.502 E .608
(that at least one of these will be a)117 590.4 R F3(primary)3.108 E F2
3.108(,a)C .608(nd, unless you are using some protocol other than)-3.108
F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(IP/DNS)117 602.4 Q F2 .023
(for your zone transfer mechanism, the others will all be other)2.522 F
F3(secondary)2.523 E F2(serv)2.523 E 2.523(ers. Ha)-.15 F(ving)-.2 E
.865(your secondary serv)117 614.4 R .865
(er pull data from other secondary serv)-.15 F .865
(ers is usually unwise, since you can)-.15 F .352
(add delay to the propag)117 626.4 R .352
(ation of zone updates if your netw)-.05 F(ork')-.1 E 2.852(sc)-.55 G
(onnecti)-2.852 E .352(vity v)-.25 F .353(aries in pathologi-)-.25 F
1.003(cal b)117 638.4 R 1.003(ut common w)-.2 F 3.502(ays. The)-.1 F
1.002(intended use for multiple addresses on a)3.502 F F3(secondary)
3.502 E F2 1.002(declaration is)3.502 F .595(when the)117 650.4 R F3
(primary)3.095 E F2(serv)3.096 E .596(er has multiple netw)-.15 F .596
(ork interf)-.1 F .596(aces and therefore multiple host addresses.)-.1 F
.34(The secondary serv)117 662.4 R .34(er gets its data across the netw)
-.15 F .339(ork from one of the listed serv)-.1 F 2.839(ers. The)-.15 F
(serv)2.839 E(er)-.15 E .785(addresses are tried in the order listed.)
117 674.4 R .785
(If a \214lename is present after the list of primary serv)5.785 F(ers,)
-.15 E .468
(data for the zone will be dumped into that \214le as a backup.)117
686.4 R .467(When the serv)5.467 F .467(er is \214rst started, the)-.15
F .686
(data is loaded from the backup \214le if possible, and a primary serv)
117 698.4 R .686(er is then consulted to check)-.15 F .123
(that the zone is still up-to-date.)117 710.4 R .123
(Note that listing your serv)5.123 F .123(er as a)-.15 F F3(secondary)
2.623 E F2(serv)2.623 E .123(er does not nec-)-.15 F 1.221(essarily mak)
117 722.4 R 3.721(ei)-.1 G 3.721(to)-3.721 G 1.222
(ne \212 the parent zone must)-3.721 F F3(dele)3.722 E(gate)-.4 E F2
1.222(authority to your serv)3.722 F 1.222(er as well as the)-.15 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-6 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1
G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 1.417(primary and the other secondaries, or you will be transferring a zone o)
117 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.917(rf).15 G 1.416(or no reason; no)-3.917 F
.735(other serv)117 108 R .735(er will ha)-.15 F 1.035 -.15(ve a r)-.2 H
.735
(eason to query you for that zone unless the parent zone lists you as a)
.15 F(serv)117 120 Q(er for the zone.)-.15 E .348
(As with primary you may specify a secondary serv)142 136.2 R .348
(er for a class other than)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(IN)2.848 E F2
.348(by append-)2.848 F(ing)117 148.2 Q F3(/class)2.5 E F2(to the)2.5 E
F3(secondary)2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yw)-.05 E(ord, e.g.,)-.1 E F3
(secondary/HS)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1.5. Stub)102 172.2 R(Ser)2.5 E
(vice)-.1 E F2 1.161(The line for a stub serv)142 188.4 R 1.161
(er is similar to a secondary)-.15 F 6.161(.\()-.65 G 1.162
(This feature is e)-6.161 F 1.162(xperimental as of)-.15 F(4.9.3.\))117
200.4 Q F3 16.83(stub Berk)167 216.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3
23.118(Edu 128)1.666 F F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5
(10 128)B F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(4u)C(cbhosts.bak)
-2.5 E F2(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 232.8 Q
(er is a stub serv)-.15 E(er for the zone stated in the second \214eld.)
-.15 E 1.358
(Stub zones are intended to ensure that a primary for a zone al)142 249
R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.358(ys has the correct).1 F F3(NS)3.858 E F2 .49(records for children of that zone. If the primary is not a secondary for a child zone it should be)
117 261 R 1.348
(con\214gured with stub zones for all its children. Stub zones pro)117
273 R 1.347(vide a mechanism to allo)-.15 F(w)-.25 E F3(NS)3.847 E F2
(records for a zone to be speci\214ed in only one place.)117 285 Q F3
1.28(primary CSIR)167 301.2 R(O)-.4 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 49.118 -.5(AU c)
1.666 H(sir).5 E(o.dat)-.45 E 16.83(stub dms.CSIR)167 313.2 R(O)-.4 E F0
(.)1.666 E F3 30.508 -.5(AU 1)1.666 H(30).5 E F0(.)A F3(155)A F0(.)A F3
(16)A F0(.)A F3 5(1d)C(ms.stub)-5 E 16.83(stub dap.CSIR)167 325.2 R(O)
-.4 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 31.618 -.5(AU 1)1.666 H(30).5 E F0(.)A F3(155)A F0
(.)A F3(98)A F0(.)A F3 5(1d)C(ap.stub)-5 E F0 2.5(6.1.6. Cache)102 353.4
R(Initialization)2.5 E F2 .991(All serv)142 369.6 R .991
(ers, including `)-.15 F .991(`caching only')-.74 F 3.491('s)-.74 G(erv)
-3.491 E .991(ers, should ha)-.15 F 1.291 -.15(ve a l)-.2 H .992
(ine as follo).15 F .992(ws in the boot)-.25 F
(\214le to prime the name serv)117 381.6 Q(ers cache:)-.15 E F3(cac)167
397.8 Q(he)-.15 E F0(.)51.99 E F3 -.45(ro)55.55 G(ot).45 E F0(.)A F3
(cac)A(he)-.15 E F2(Do not put an)117 414 Q(ything into your)-.15 E F3
(cac)2.5 E(he)-.15 E F2(\214les other than root serv)2.5 E
(er information.)-.15 E .55
(All cache \214les listed will be read in at named boot time and an)142
430.2 R 3.05(yv)-.15 G .55(alues still v)-3.3 F .55(alid will be)-.25 F
.441(reinstated in the cache.)117 442.2 R .441(The root name serv)5.441
F .441(er information in the cache \214les will be used until a)-.15 F
1.113(root query is actually answered by one of the name serv)117 454.2
R 1.112(ers in the cache \214le, after which that)-.15 F(answer will be used instead of the cache \214le until the answer times out.)
117 466.2 Q .112(As with)142 482.4 R F3(primary)2.612 E F2(and)2.612 E
F3(secondary)2.612 E F2 2.612(,y)C .112(ou may specify a secondary serv)
-2.612 F .112(er for a class other than)-.15 F F3(IN)117 494.4 Q F2
(by appending)2.5 E F3(/class)2.5 E F2(to the)2.5 E F3(cac)2.5 E(he)-.15
E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yw)-.05 E(ord, e.g.,)-.1 E F3(class/HS)2.5 E F2(.)A F0
2.5(6.1.7. F)102 518.4 R(orwarders)-.25 E F2(An)142 534.6 Q 3.621(ys)
-.15 G(erv)-3.621 E 1.121(er can mak)-.15 F 3.621(eu)-.1 G 1.121(se of)
-3.621 F F3(forwar)3.621 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2 6.121(.A)C F3(forwar)
-2.5 E(der)-.37 E F2 1.121(is another serv)3.621 F 1.12
(er capable of pro-)-.15 F .256(cessing recursi)117 546.6 R .556 -.15
(ve q)-.25 H .256(ueries that is willing to try resolving queries on behalf of other systems.)
.15 F(The)5.256 E F3(forwar)117 558.6 Q(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2
(command speci\214es forw)2.5 E(arders by internet address as follo)-.1
E(ws:)-.25 E F3(forwar)167 574.8 Q(der)-.37 E 89.23(s1)-.1 G(28)-89.23 E
F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 7.5(10 128)B F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)
A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(4)A F2 1.003(There are tw)117 591 R 3.503(om)-.1 G
1.003(ain reasons for w)-3.503 F 1.002(anting to do so.)-.1 F 1.002
(First, some systems may not ha)6.002 F 1.302 -.15(ve f)-.2 H 1.002
(ull net-).15 F -.1(wo)117 603 S .379(rk access and may be pre).1 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .379(nted from sending an).15 F 2.879(yI)-.15 G 2.879(Pp)
-2.879 G(ack)-2.879 E .38(ets into the rest of the Internet and)-.1 F
.33(therefore must rely on a forw)117 615 R .33(arder which does ha)-.1
F .63 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .33(ccess to the full net.).15 F .33
(The second reason is)5.33 F 1.371(that the forw)117 627 R 1.372
(arder sees a union of all queries as the)-.1 F 3.872(yp)-.15 G 1.372
(ass through its serv)-3.872 F 1.372(er and therefore it)-.15 F -.2(bu)
117 639 S .486(ilds up a v).2 F .485
(ery rich cache of data compared to the cache in a typical w)-.15 F .485
(orkstation name serv)-.1 F(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .55(In ef)117 651 R .55
(fect, the)-.25 F F3(forwar)3.05 E(der)-.37 E F2 .551(becomes a meta-cache that all hosts can bene\214t from, thereby reducing)
3.05 F
(the total number of queries from that site to the rest of the net.)117
663 Q .449(The ef)142 679.2 R .449(fect of `)-.25 F(`forw)-.74 E
(arders')-.1 E 2.949('i)-.74 G 2.949(st)-2.949 G 2.949(op)-2.949 G .449
(repend some \214x)-2.949 F .448(ed addresses to the list of name serv)
-.15 F(ers)-.15 E .806(to be tried for e)117 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .806
(ry query).15 F 5.806(.N)-.65 G .806
(ormally that list is made up only of higher)-5.806 F .807
(-authority serv)-.2 F .807(ers dis-)-.15 F(co)117 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15
G .93(red via).15 F F3(NS)3.43 E F2 .93(record lookups for the rele)3.43
F -.25(va)-.25 G .93(nt domain.).25 F .93(If the forw)5.93 F .93
(arders do not answer)-.1 F 3.43(,t)-.4 G(hen)-3.43 E 1.512(unless the)
117 715.2 R F3(slave)4.012 E F2(directi)4.013 E 1.813 -.15(ve w)-.25 H
1.513(as gi).05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.513(n, the appropriate serv).15 F
1.513(ers for the domains will be queried)-.15 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-7)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(directly)117 96 Q(.)
-.65 E F0 2.5(6.1.8. Sla)102 132 R .2 -.1(ve S)-.25 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1
G(rs).1 E F2(Sla)142 148.2 Q .381 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .081
(ode is used if the use of forw).15 F .08(arders is the only possible w)
-.1 F .08(ay to resolv)-.1 F 2.58(eq)-.15 G .08(ueries due)-2.58 F 1.059
(to lack of full net access or if you wish to pre)117 160.2 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.059(nt the name serv).15 F 1.059(er from using other than the)
-.15 F(listed forw)117 172.2 Q 2.5(arders. Sla)-.1 F .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
(ode is acti).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(ted by placing the simple command).25
E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(options forwar)167 188.4 Q(d-only)-.37 E F2
.746(in the boot\214le.)117 204.6 R .746
(If this option is used, then you must specify forw)5.746 F 3.245
(arders. When)-.1 F .745(in sla)3.245 F 1.045 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ode,).15 E
.475(the serv)117 216.6 R .475(er will forw)-.15 F .475
(ard each query to each of the forw)-.1 F .476
(arders until an answer is found or the list)-.1 F .14(of forw)117 228.6
R .14(arders is e)-.1 F 2.64(xhausted. The)-.15 F(serv)2.64 E .14
(er will not try to contact an)-.15 F 2.64(yr)-.15 G .14
(emote name serv)-2.64 F .14(er other than)-.15 F(those named in the)117
240.6 Q F3(forwar)2.5 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2(list.)2.5 E .855(So while)
142 256.8 R F3(forwar)3.355 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2 .855
(prepends addresses to the `)3.355 F(`serv)-.74 E .855(er list')-.15 F
3.356('f)-.74 G .856(or each query)-3.356 F(,)-.65 E F3 .856
(options for)3.356 F(-)-.2 E(war)117 268.8 Q(d-only)-.37 E F2 .046
(causes the `)2.546 F(`serv)-.74 E .046(er list')-.15 F 2.546('t)-.74 G
2.546(oc)-2.546 G(ontain)-2.546 E F3(only)2.546 E F2 .046
(those addresses listed in the)2.546 F F3(forwar)2.545 E(der)-.37 E(s)
-.1 E F2(decla-)2.545 E 2.976(rations. Careless)117 280.8 R .476
(use of the)2.976 F F3 .477(options forwar)2.977 F(d-only)-.37 E F2
(directi)2.977 E .777 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .477
(an cause really horrible forw).15 F(arding)-.1 E 1.749
(loops, since you could end up forw)117 292.8 R 1.749
(arding queries only to some set of hosts which are also)-.1 F(sla)117
304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G(s, and one or se).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral of them could be forw).15 E(arding queries back to you.)-.1 E .672
(Use of the)142 321 R F3 .672(options forwar)3.172 F(d-only)-.37 E F2
(directi)3.172 E .972 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .673(hould be considered v).15 F
.673(ery carefully)-.15 F 5.673(.N)-.65 G .673(ote that)-5.673 F
(this same beha)117 333 Q(viour can be achie)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(du).15 G(sing the deprecated directi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E F3
(slave)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1.9. Nonr)102 369 R(ecursi)-.18 E .2 -.1
(ve S)-.1 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)142
385.2 Q F2 2.487 -.55('s s)D 1.387(eparation of authoritati).55 F 1.687
-.15(ve \()-.25 H 1.386(zone\) and nonauthoritiati).15 F 1.686 -.15
(ve \()-.25 H 1.386(cache\) data has al).15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E .664
(been some)117 397.2 R .664
(what weak, and pollution of the former via the latter has been kno)-.25
F .665(wn to occur)-.25 F 5.665(.O)-.55 G(ne)-5.665 E -.1(wa)117 409.2 S
3.652(yt).1 G 3.652(op)-3.652 G(re)-3.652 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.152
(nt this, as well as to sa).15 F 1.452 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.152
(emory on serv).15 F 1.151(ers carrying a lot of authoritati)-.15 F
1.451 -.15(ve d)-.25 H(ata).15 E .514(\(e.g., root serv)117 421.2 R .514
(ers\) is to mak)-.15 F 3.015(es)-.1 G .515(uch serv)-3.015 F .515
(ers `)-.15 F(`nonrecursi)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.7(.').15 G 5.515('T)
-.04 G .515(his can be achie)-5.515 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.015(dv).15 G .515
(ia the direc-)-3.015 F(ti)117 433.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G F3(options no-r)
167 449.4 Q(ecur)-.37 E(sion)-.1 E F2 .733(in the boot\214le.)117 465.6
R 3.233(As)5.733 G(erv)-3.233 E .733(er with this option enabled will not attempt to fetch data to help answer)
-.15 F .459(queries \212 if you ask it for data it does not ha)117 477.6
R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.959(,i).15 G 2.959(tw)-2.959 G .459
(ill send you a referral to a more authorita-)-2.959 F(ti)117 489.6 Q
1.174 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(erv).15 E .874(er or)-.15 F 3.374(,i)-.4 G 3.374
(fi)-3.374 G 3.374(ti)-3.374 G 3.374(si)-3.374 G .874(tself authoritati)
-3.374 F 1.174 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .874(or the zone of the query).15 F
3.373(,i)-.65 G 3.373(tw)-3.373 G .873(ill send you an ne)-3.373 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(answer)117 501.6 Q(.)-.55 E 2.958(An)
142 517.8 S(onrecursi)-2.958 E .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(erv).15 E .458
(er can be named in an)-.15 F F4(NS RR)2.958 E F2 -.2(bu)2.958 G 2.958
(ti).2 G 2.958(tc)-2.958 G .459(annot be listed in the)-2.958 F F3 -.37
(re)2.959 G(solv).37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le.)117 529.8 Q F0 2.5
(6.1.10. Query)102 565.8 R(Logging)2.5 E F2 1.263
(If the \214le system containing your)142 582 R F3(syslo)3.763 E(g)-.1 E
F2 1.262(\214le has quite a bit of space, you can consider)3.763 F
(using the)117 594 Q F3(options query-lo)167 610.2 Q(g)-.1 E F2(directi)
117 626.4 Q .357 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.557(ny).15 G .057(our boot\214le.)
-2.557 F .057(This will cause your name serv)5.057 F .058(er to log e)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .058(ry query it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .058
(s, which).15 F .451(when combined with a Perl or)117 638.4 R F4 -.81
(AW)2.951 G(K).81 E F2 .45
(script to postprocess the logs, can be a useful management)2.951 F
(tool.)117 650.4 Q F0 2.5(6.1.11. In)102 686.4 R -.1(ve)-.4 G
(rse Query Pseudosupport).1 E F4(BIND)142 702.6 Q F2 .286(by def)2.786 F
.286(ault does not support in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .286
(rse queries, and this has been kno).15 F .287(wn to cause prob-)-.25 F
1.314(lems for certain microcomputer operating systems and for older v)
117 714.6 R 1.313(ersions of)-.15 F F4(BIND)3.813 E F2 -.55('s)C F3
(nslookup)4.363 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-8 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1
G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 4.125(tool. Y)117 96 R 1.626
(ou may decide that rather than answering with `)-1.1 F 1.626
(`operation not implemented,)-.74 F -.74('')-.7 G/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(named)4.866 E F2 .582(should detect the most common in)117 108 R -.15
(ve)-.4 G .581(rse queries and answer them with bogus information.).15 F
.581(It is)5.581 F .972
(better to upgrade your clients to stop depending on in)117 120 R -.15
(ve)-.4 G .973(rse queries, b).15 F .973(ut if that is not possible,)-.2
F(you should use the)117 132 Q F3(options fak)167 148.2 Q(e-iquery)-.1 E
F2(directi)117 164.4 Q .873 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.073(ny).15 G .573
(our boot\214le.)-3.073 F F3(NO)5.573 E(TE:)-.4 E F2 .573
(the responses are in f)3.073 F .573(act bogus, in that the)-.1 F 3.072
(yc)-.15 G(ontain)-3.072 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(ISO)3.072 E F2(8859)A
1.867(square brack)117 176.4 R 1.867(ets \()-.1 F F0([)A F2(and)4.367 E
F0(])4.367 E F2 1.868(\), so your clients will not be able to do an)B
1.868(ything useful with these)-.15 F 3.259(responses. It)117 188.4 R
.759(has been observ)3.259 F .759(ed that no client e)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.259(rd).15 G .759(id an)-3.259 F .758
(ything useful with real in)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .758(rse query).15 F
(responses, either)117 200.4 Q(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(6.1.12. Setting)102 236.4
R(Name Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rL).1 G(imits)-2.5 E F2 1.04
(Some name serv)142 252.6 R 1.041
(er operations can be quite resource intensi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.541
(,a).15 G 1.041(nd in order to tune your)-3.541 F 1.435
(system properly it is sometimes necessary to change)117 264.6 R F4
(BIND)3.935 E F2 2.535 -.55('s i)D 1.435(nternal quotas.).55 F 1.435
(This is accom-)6.435 F(plished via)117 276.6 Q F3(limit <name> <value>)
167 292.8 Q F2(directi)117 309 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(si).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5
G(he boot\214le.)-2.5 E(Limits, and their def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E
(alues, are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(limit tr)167 325.2 Q(ansfer)
-.15 E(s-in 10)-.1 E F2 .28(This is the number of simultaneous)117 341.4
R F3(named-xfer)2.78 E F2(processes)2.78 E F4(BIND)2.78 E F2 .281
(is willing to start.)2.78 F .281(Higher num-)5.281 F .51(bers yield f)
117 353.4 R .51(aster con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -.18(rg).15 G .509
(ence to primary serv).18 F .509(ers if your secondary serv)-.15 F .509
(er has hundreds or thou-)-.15 F .693(sands of zones to maintain, b)117
365.4 R .694
(ut setting this number too high can cause thrashing due to starv)-.2 F
(a-)-.25 E 1.936(tion of resources such as netw)117 377.4 R 1.936
(ork bandwidth or sw)-.1 F 1.936(ap space.)-.1 F F3(NO)6.936 E(TE:)-.4 E
F2 1.936(this limit can also be)4.436 F -.15(ex)117 389.4 S
(pressed via the deprecated directi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F3(max-fetc)
2.65 E 2.5(hN)-.15 G(N)-2.5 E F2(.)A F3(limit tr)167 405.6 Q(ansfer)-.15
E(s-per)-.1 E(-ns 2)-.2 E F2 .057(This is the number of simultaneous)117
421.8 R F3(named-xfer)2.557 E F2(processes)2.558 E F4(BIND)2.558 E F2
.058(is willing to initiate)2.558 F F3 .058(to any given)2.558 F 1.719
(name server)117 433.8 R F2 6.719(.I)C 4.219(nm)-6.719 G 1.719
(ost cases, you should not need to change it.)-4.219 F 1.718
(If your secondary serv)6.719 F 1.718(er is)-.15 F .139
(pulling hundreds or thousands of zones from a single primary serv)117
445.8 R(er)-.15 E 2.64(,i)-.4 G(ncreasing)-2.64 E F3(tr)2.64 E(ansfer)
-.15 E(s-per)-.1 E(-ns)-.2 E F2 .664(may speed con)117 457.8 R -.15(ve)
-.4 G -.18(rg).15 G 3.164(ence. It).18 F .664(should be k)3.164 F .663
(ept as small as possible, to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .663
(id causing thrashing and).2 F(resource starv)117 469.8 Q
(ation on the primary serv)-.25 E(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E F3
(limit datasize <system-dependent>)167 486 Q F2 .521(Most systems ha)117
502.2 R .822 -.15(ve a q)-.2 H .522
(uota that limits the size of the so-called `).15 F .522(`data se)-.74 F
(gment,)-.15 E 2.002 -.74('' w)-.7 H .522(hich is where).74 F F4(BIND)
117 514.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)3.495 G .994
(eps all of its authority and cache data.).1 F F4(BIND)5.994 E F2 .994
(will beha)3.494 F 1.294 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .994(uboptimally \(perhaps e)
.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E -.15(ex)117 526.2 S 1.225
(iting\) if it runs up ag).15 F 1.225(ainst this quota.)-.05 F 1.226
(If your system supports a system call to change this)6.225 F .997
(quota for a gi)117 538.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.497(np).15 G .997
(rocess, you can ask)-3.497 F F4(BIND)3.496 E F2 .996
(to use that system call via the)3.496 F F3 .996(limit datasize NN)3.496
F F2(directi)117 550.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.369(.T).15 G .369(he v)-5.369
F .369(alue gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.869(nh).15 G .369
(ere may be scaled by post\214xing)-2.869 F F3(k)2.869 E F2 .37
(for 1024X,)2.87 F F3(m)2.87 E F2 .37(for \(1024^2\)X, and)2.87 F F3(g)
117 562.2 Q F2(for \(1024^3\)X.)2.5 E(In 1995, the root serv)5 E
(ers all use)-.15 E F3(limit datasize 64m)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5
(6.1.13. Zone)102 598.2 R -.74(Tr)2.5 G(ansfer Restrictions).74 E F2
1.417(It may be the case that your or)142 614.4 R -.05(ga)-.18 G 1.417
(nization does not wish to gi).05 F 1.717 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.416
(omplete lists of your).15 F .71(hosts to an)117 626.4 R .71
(yone on the Internet who can reach your name serv)-.15 F 3.211
(ers. While)-.15 F .711(it is still possible for)3.211 F .096
(people to `)117 638.4 R(`iterate')-.74 E 2.596('t)-.74 G .096
(hrough your address range, looking for)-2.596 F F3(PTR)2.596 E F2 .095
(records, and b)2.596 F .095(uild a list of your)-.2 F 1.074
(hosts the `)117 650.4 R(`slo)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.574('w)-.74 G(ay)-3.674
E 3.574(,i)-.65 G 3.574(ti)-3.574 G 3.574(ss)-3.574 G 1.074
(till considered reasonable to restrict your e)-3.574 F 1.075
(xport of zones via the)-.15 F .784(zone transfer protocol.)117 662.4 R
2.384 -.8(To l)5.784 H .784
(imit the list of neighbors who can transfer zones from your serv).8 F
(er)-.15 E(,)-.4 E(use the)117 674.4 Q F3(xfrnets)2.5 E F2(directi)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E .067(This directi)142 690.6 R .367 -.15(ve h)-.25
H .067(as the same syntax as).15 F F3(forwar)2.567 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E
F2 -.15(ex)2.567 G .067(cept that you can list netw).15 F .068
(ork numbers)-.1 F(in addition to host addresses.)117 702.6 Q -.15(Fo)5
G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, you could add the directi)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-9)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(xfrnets 16.0.0.0)167
96 Q/F3 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .672(if you w)117 112.2 R .671
(anted to permit only hosts on Class A netw)-.1 F .671
(ork number 16 to transfer zones from your)-.1 F(serv)117 124.2 Q(er)
-.15 E 7.06(.T)-.55 G 2.061
(his is not nearly granular enough, and a future v)-7.06 F 2.061
(ersion of)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)4.561 E F3 2.061
(will permit such)4.561 F .259
(access-control to be speci\214ed on a per)117 136.2 R .259
(-host basis rather than the current per)-.2 F .258(-net basis.)-.2 F
.258(Note that)5.258 F 1.085(while addresses without e)117 148.2 R 1.086
(xplicit masks are assumed by this directi)-.15 F 1.386 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
3.586(ob).15 G 3.586(en)-3.586 G(etw)-3.586 E 1.086(orks, you can)-.1 F
.611(specify a mask which is as granular as you wish, perhaps including all bits of the address such)
117 160.2 R(that only a single host is gi)117 172.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(nt).15 G(ransfer permission.)-2.5 E -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G
(xample, consider)-2.65 E F2(xfrnets 16.1.0.2&255.255.255.255)167 188.4
Q F3 1.588(which w)117 204.6 R 1.588(ould permit only host)-.1 F F2
(16.1.0.2)4.088 E F3 1.588(to transfer zones from you.)4.088 F 1.588
(Note that no spaces are)6.588 F(allo)117 216.6 Q(wed surrounding the `)
-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(&)A F3 1.48 -.74('' c)D
(haracter that introduces a netmask.).74 E(The)142 232.8 Q F2(xfrnets)
2.545 E F3(directi)2.545 E .345 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .044(ay also be gi).15
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.544(na).15 G(s)-2.544 E F2(tcplist)2.544 E F3 .044
(for compatibility with interim releases of)2.544 F F4(BIND)117 244.8 Q
F3(4.9.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.14. Sorting)102 280.8 R(Addr)2.5 E(esses)-.18 E
F3 .711(If there are multiple addresses a)142 297 R -.25(va)-.2 G .712
(ilable for a name serv).25 F .712(er which)-.15 F F4(BIND)3.212 E F3
-.1(wa)3.212 G .712(nts to contact,).1 F F4(BIND)117 309 Q F3 .052
(will try the ones it belie)2.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.552(sa).15 G .052
(re `)-2.552 F(`closest')-.74 E 2.552<278c>-.74 G 2.552(rst. `)-2.552 F
(`Closeness')-.74 E 2.552('i)-.74 G 2.552(sd)-2.552 G .052
(e\214ned in terms of similar)-2.552 F(-)-.2 E .732
(ity-of-address; that is, if one address is on the same)117 321 R F2
(subnet)3.232 E F3 .732(as some interf)3.232 F .732
(ace of the local host,)-.1 F .684
(then that address will be tried \214rst.)117 333 R -.15(Fa)5.684 G .683
(iling that, an address which is on the same).15 F F2(network)3.183 E F3
(will)3.183 E .835(be tried \214rst.)117 345 R -.15(Fa)5.835 G .835
(iling that, the).15 F 3.335(yw)-.15 G .835(ill be tried in a more-or)
-3.335 F .835(-less random order unless the)-.2 F F2(sortlist)3.335 E F3
(directi)117 357 Q 1.157 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .857(as gi).05 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.357(ni).15 G 3.357(nt)-3.357 G(he)-3.357 E F2(named.boot)3.357 E F3
(\214le.)3.357 E F2(sortlist)5.856 E F3 .856(has a syntax similar to)
3.356 F F2(forwar)3.356 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F3(,)A F2(xfrnets)3.356 E
F3(,)A(and)117 369 Q F2(bo)3.576 E(gusns)-.1 E F3 3.576<8a79>3.576 G
1.076(ou gi)-3.576 F 1.376 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.576(tal).15 G 1.076
(ist of dotted-quad netw)-3.576 F 1.077(orks and it uses these to `)-.1
F(`prefer')-.74 E 3.577('s)-.74 G(ome)-3.577 E .319(remote name serv)117
381 R .319(er addresses o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.819(ro).15 G 2.819
(thers. If)-2.819 F .319(no e)2.819 F .319(xplicit mask is pro)-.15 F
.318(vided with each element of)-.15 F(a)117 393 Q F2(sortlist)2.5 E F3
2.5(,o)C(ne will be inferred based on the high order address bits.)-2.5
E .28(If you are on a Class C net which has a Class B net between you and the rest of the Inter)
142 409.2 R(-)-.2 E .897(net, you could try to impro)117 421.2 R 1.197
-.15(ve t)-.15 H .897(he name serv).15 F(er')-.15 E 3.397(sl)-.55 G .897
(uck in getting answers by listing the Class B)-3.397 F(netw)117 433.2 Q
(ork')-.1 E 3.12(sn)-.55 G .62(umber in a)-3.12 F F2(sortlist)3.12 E F3
(directi)3.121 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.621(.T).15 G .621(his should ha)-5.621
F .921 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .621(he ef).15 F .621(fect of trying `)-.25 F
(`closer')-.74 E 3.121('s)-.74 G(erv)-3.121 E(ers)-.15 E
(before the more `)117 445.2 Q(`distant')-.74 E 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5
(nes. Note)-2.5 F(that this beha)2.5 E(viour is ne)-.2 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G
2.5(so)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F4(BIND 4.9)2.5 E F3(.)A .195
(The other and older ef)142 461.4 R .194(fect of the)-.25 F F2(sortlist)
2.694 E F3(directi)2.694 E .494 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.694(st).15 G 2.694
(oc)-2.694 G(ause)-2.694 E F4(BIND)2.694 E F3 .194(to sort the)2.694 F
F2(A)2.694 E F3 .194(records in)2.694 F(an)117 473.4 Q 2.564(yr)-.15 G
.065(esponse it generates, so as to put those which appear on the)-2.564
F F2(sortlist)2.565 E F3 .065(earlier than those which)2.565 F .538
(do not.)117 485.4 R .538
(This is not as helpful as you might think, since man)5.538 F 3.038(yc)
-.15 G .537(lients will reorder the)-3.038 F F2(A)3.037 E F3(records)
3.037 E .345(either at random or using)117 497.4 R F4(LIFO)2.845 E F3
2.845(;a)C .345(lso, consider the f)-2.845 F .345(act that the serv)-.1
F .345(er w)-.15 F(on')-.1 E 2.845(tb)-.18 G 2.845(ea)-2.845 G .346
(ble to guess the)-2.845 F(client')117 509.4 Q 2.752(sn)-.55 G(etw)
-2.752 E .252(ork topology)-.1 F 2.752(,a)-.65 G .251
(nd so will not be able to accurately order for `)-2.752 F(`closeness')
-.74 E 2.751('t)-.74 G 2.751(oa)-2.751 G .251(ll pos-)-2.751 F
(sible clients.)117 521.4 Q(Doing the ordering in the resolv)5 E
(er is clearly superior)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .83
(In actual practice, this directi)142 537.6 R 1.131 -.15(ve i)-.25 H
3.331(su).15 G .831
(sed only rarely since it hardwires information which)-3.331 F .631
(changes rapidly; a netw)117 549.6 R .631(ork which is `)-.1 F(`close')
-.74 E 3.131('t)-.74 G .631(oday may be `)-3.131 F(`distant')-.74 E
3.131('n)-.74 G -.15(ex)-3.131 G 3.131(tm).15 G 3.131(onth. Since)-3.131
F F4(BIND)3.131 E F3 -.2(bu)117 561.6 S .4
(ilds up a cache of the remote name serv).2 F .401
(ers' response times, it will quickly con)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -.18(rg)
.15 G 2.901(eo).18 G 2.901(n`)-2.901 G(`rea-)-3.641 E(sonable')117 573.6
Q 2.904('b)-.74 G(eha)-2.904 E(viour)-.2 E 2.904(,w)-.4 G .404
(hich isn')-2.904 F 2.904(tt)-.18 G .404(he same as `)-2.904 F
(`optimal')-.74 E 2.904('b)-.74 G .404(ut it')-3.104 F 2.904(sc)-.55 G
.404(lose enough.)-2.904 F .403(Future directions)5.403 F(for)117 585.6
Q F4(BIND)3.212 E F3 .712
(include choosing addresses based on local interf)3.212 F .713
(ace metrics \(on hosts that ha)-.1 F 1.013 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E
.701(than one\) and perhaps on routing table information.)117 597.6 R
2.301 -.8(We d)5.701 H 3.201(on).8 G .7(ot intend to solv)-3.201 F 3.2
(et)-.15 G .7(he generalized)-3.2 F -.74(``)117 609.6 S .806
(multihomed host').74 F 3.306('p)-.74 G .806(roblem, b)-3.306 F .806
(ut we should be able to do a little better than we')-.2 F .807
(re doing no)-.5 F -.65(w.)-.25 G(Lik)117 621.6 Q -.25(ew)-.1 G 1.7
(ise, we hope to see a higher le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.199(lr).15 G
(esolv)-4.199 E 1.699(er library that sorts responses using topology)
-.15 F(information that only e)117 633.6 Q(xists on the client')-.15 E
2.5(sh)-.55 G(ost.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.15. Bogus)102 669.6 R(Name Ser)2.5
E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E F3 1.545
(It happens occasionally that some remote name serv)142 685.8 R 1.545
(er goes `)-.15 F(`bad')-.74 E 4.046('. Y)-.74 F 1.546(ou can tell your)
-1.1 F .515(name serv)117 697.8 R .515
(er to refuse to listen to or ask questions of certain other name serv)
-.15 F .514(ers by listing them)-.15 F .135(in a)117 709.8 R F2(bo)2.635
E(gusns)-.1 E F3(directi)2.635 E .435 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.635(ny).15 G
(our)-2.635 E F2(named.boot)2.635 E F3 2.635(\214le. Its)2.635 F .135
(syntax is the same as)2.635 F F2(forwar)2.635 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F3
(,)A F2(xfrnets)2.635 E F3 2.635(,a)C(nd)-2.635 E F2(sortlist)117 721.8
Q F3 2.943<8a79>2.943 G .443(ou just gi)-2.943 F .743 -.15(ve i)-.25 H
2.943(tal).15 G .442(ist of dotted-quad Internet addresses.)-2.943 F
.442(Note that zones dele)5.442 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .442(ted to).05 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-10 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .033(such serv)117 96 R .034
(ers will not be reachable from clients of your serv)-.15 F .034
(ers; thus you should use this directi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(sparingly or not at all.)117 108 Q F0 2.5(6.1.16. Segmented)102 144 R
(Boot Files)2.5 E F2 2.958
(If you are secondary for a lot of zones, you may \214nd it con)142
160.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.957(nient to split your).15 F/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(named.boot)117 172.2 Q F2 1.424
(\214le into a static portion which hardly e)3.923 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.924(rc).15 G 1.424(hanges \(directi)-3.924 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.924(ss)
.15 G 1.424(uch as)-3.924 F F3(dir)3.924 E(ectory)-.37 E F2(,)A F3
(sortlist)117 184.2 Q F2(,)A F3(xfrnets)3.492 E F2(and)3.492 E F3(cac)
3.492 E(he)-.15 E F2 .991
(could go here\), and dynamic portions that change frequently \(all of)
3.492 F(your)117 196.2 Q F3(primary)3.458 E F2(directi)3.458 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.458(sm).15 G .958(ight go in one \214le, and all of your)-3.458
F F3(secondary)3.458 E F2(directi)3.458 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(sm).15 G
.959(ight go in)-3.458 F .024(another \214le \212 and either or both of these might be fetched automatically from some neighbor so)
117 208.2 R 1.153(that the)117 220.2 R 3.653(yc)-.15 G 1.153
(an change your list of secondary zones without requiring your acti)
-3.653 F 1.454 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterv).15 E(ention\).)-.15 E -1.1(Yo)117
232.2 S 2.66(uc)1.1 G .16(an accomplish this via the)-2.66 F F3(include)
2.66 E F2(directi)2.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.66(,w).15 G .16(hich tak)-2.66
F .16(es just a single \214le name as its ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E 3.772
(ment. No)117 244.2 R 1.272(quotes are needed around the \214le name.)
3.772 F 1.273(The \214le name will be e)6.273 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.273
(luated after the).25 F .169(name serv)117 256.2 R .169
(er has changed its w)-.15 F .169
(orking directory to that speci\214ed in the)-.1 F F3(dir)2.668 E
(ectory)-.37 E F2(directi)2.668 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.668(,s).15 G 2.668
(oy)-2.668 G(ou)-2.668 E(can use relati)117 268.2 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H
(athnames if your system supports them.).15 E F0 2.5(6.2. Resolv)87
304.2 R(er Con\214guration)-.1 E F2 .467(The con\214guration \214le')127
320.4 R 2.967(sn)-.55 G .467(ame is)-2.967 F F3(/etc/r)2.968 E(esolv)
-.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2 5.468(.T)C .468
(his \214le designates the name serv)-5.468 F .468(ers on the)-.15 F
(netw)102 332.4 Q .358(ork that should be sent queries.)-.1 F .358
(The resolv)5.358 F .358(er will try to contact a name serv)-.15 F .357
(er on the localhost)-.15 F .05
(if it cannot \214nd its con\214guration \214le.)102 344.4 R -1.1(Yo)
5.05 G 2.55(us)1.1 G .05(hould install the con\214guration \214le on e)
-2.55 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .05(ry host an).15 F(yw)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E(,)-.65 E
.461(since this is the only recommended w)102 356.4 R .461
(ay to specify a system-le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96(ld).15 G(ef)-2.96 E
.46(ault domain, and you can still)-.1 F 1.017(list the local host')102
368.4 R 3.517(sa)-.55 G 1.018(ddress if it runs a name serv)-3.517 F(er)
-.15 E 6.018(.I)-.55 G 3.518(ti)-6.018 G 3.518(sc)-3.518 G 1.018
(onsidered reasonable to create this \214le)-3.518 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)102
380.4 T 2.786(ni).25 G 2.786(fy)-2.786 G .286(ou run a local serv)-2.786
F(er)-.15 E 2.785(,s)-.4 G .285
(ince its contents will be cached by each client of the resolv)-2.785 F
.285(er library)-.15 F(when the client mak)102 392.4 Q
(es its \214rst call to a resolv)-.1 E(er routine.)-.15 E(The)127 408.6
Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(solv).37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le contains directi)
2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s, one per line, of the follo).15 E(wing forms:)
-.25 E 2.5(;c)152 424.8 S(omment)-2.5 E 2.5(#a)152 436.8 S
(nother comment)-2.5 E(domain)152 448.8 Q F3(local-domain)2.5 E F2
(search)152 460.8 Q F3(sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2
(nameserv)152 472.8 Q(er)-.15 E F3(server)2.5 E(-addr)-.2 E(ess)-.37 E
F2(sortlist)152 484.8 Q F3(sort-list)2.5 E F2(options)152 496.8 Q F3
(option-list)2.5 E F2 .053(Exactly one of the)102 513 R F3(domain)2.553
E F2(or)2.554 E F3(sear)2.554 E -.15(ch)-.37 G F2(directi)2.704 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.554(ss).15 G .054(hould be gi)-2.554 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .054
(n, e).15 F .054(xactly once.)-.15 F .054(If the)5.054 F F3(sear)2.554 E
-.15(ch)-.37 G F2(directi)2.704 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .76(is gi)102 525 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .76(n, the \214rst item in the gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n)
.15 E F3(sear)3.26 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 .76(will o)3.26 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G .76(rride an).15 F 3.26(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.26 E
(viously-speci\214ed)-.25 E F3(local-domain)3.26 E F2(.)A(The)102 537 Q
F3(nameserver)3.17 E F2(directi)3.17 E .97 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .67
(ay be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17(nu).15 G 3.17(pt)-3.17 G 3.17(ot)
-3.17 G .67(hree times; additional)-3.17 F F3(nameserver)3.17 E F2
(directi)3.17 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17(sw).15 G .67(ill be)-3.17 F 2.967
(ignored. Comments)102 549 R .467(may be gi)2.967 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.966
(nb).15 G 2.966(ys)-2.966 G .466(tarting a line with a `)-2.966 F(`)-.74
E F0(;)1.666 E F2 1.946 -.74('' o)1.666 H 2.966(r`).74 G(`)-3.706 E F0
(#)1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G 2.966(;n).74 G .466
(ote that comments were)-2.966 F .797(not permitted in v)102 561 R .797
(ersions of the resolv)-.15 F .797
(er earlier than the one included with)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF .798
(BIND 4.9)3.298 F F2 3.298<8a73>3.298 G 3.298(oi)-3.298 G 3.298(fy)
-3.298 G(our)-3.298 E -.15(ve)102 573 S(ndor').15 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G(esolv)
-2.5 E(er supports comments, you kno)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5
(ya)-.15 G(re really on the ball.)-2.5 E(The)127 589.2 Q F3
(local-domain)3.499 E F2 .999(will be appended to an)3.499 F 3.498(yq)
-.15 G .998(uery-name that does not contain a `)-3.498 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)
1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G(.).74 E F3(local-)5.998 E(domain)102 601.2 Q
F2 .628(can be o)3.128 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .629(rridden on a per).15 F .629
(-process basis by setting the)-.2 F F4(LOCALDOMAIN)3.129 E F2(en)3.129
E .629(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.5(able. Note)102 613.2 R(that)2.5
E F3(local-domain)2.5 E F2
(processing can be disabled by setting an option in the resolv)2.5 E(er)
-.15 E(.)-.55 E(The)127 629.4 Q F3(sear)2.79 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15
E F2 .29(is a list of domains which are tried, in order)2.79 F 2.79(,a)
-.4 G 2.79(sq)-2.79 G .29(ualifying domains for query-)-2.79 F .688
(names which do not contain a `)102 641.4 R(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2
-.74('')1.666 G 5.688(.N).74 G .688(ote that)-5.688 F F3(sear)3.188 E
-.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 .688
(processing can be disabled by setting an)3.188 F .14
(option in the resolv)102 653.4 R(er)-.15 E 5.14(.A)-.55 G .14
(lso note that the en)-5.14 F .139(vironment v)-.4 F .139(ariable `)-.25
F(`)-.74 E F4(LOCALDOMAIN)A F2 1.619 -.74('' c)D .139(an o).74 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .139(rride this).15 F F3(sear)102 665.4 Q -.15(ch)-.37 G
(-list).15 E F2(on a per)2.5 E(-process basis.)-.2 E(The)127 681.6 Q F3
(server)2.594 E(-addr)-.2 E(ess)-.37 E F2 1.194 -.55('s a)1.666 H .094
(re aggre).55 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .094(ted and then used as the def).05 F
.094(ault destination of queries gener)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .167
(ated through the resolv)102 693.6 R(er)-.15 E 5.166(.I)-.55 G 2.666(no)
-5.166 G .166(ther w)-2.666 F .166(ords, this is the w)-.1 F .166
(ay you tell the resolv)-.1 F .166(er which name serv)-.15 F .166
(ers it)-.15 F .907(should use.)102 705.6 R .907
(It is possible for a gi)5.907 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.407(nc).15 G .907
(lient application to o)-3.407 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .908
(rride this list, and this is often done).15 F 1.499
(inside the name serv)102 717.6 R 1.498(er \(which is itself a)-.15 F F3
-.37(re)3.998 G(solver).37 E F2 1.498
(client\) and in test programs such as)3.998 F F3(nslookup)3.998 E F2(.)
A EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-11)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .748
(Note that if you wish to list the local host in your resolv)102 96 R
.749(er con\214guration \214le, you should probably)-.15 F .893(use its primary Internet address rather than a local-host alias such as 127.0.0.1 or 0.0.0.0.)
102 108 R .892(This is)5.892 F .192(due to a b)102 120 R .192
(ug in the handling of connected)-.2 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(SOCK_DGRAM)
2.692 E F2(sock)2.692 E .192(ets in some v)-.1 F .192(ersions of the)
-.15 F/F4 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(BSD)2.692 E F2(net-)2.692 E -.1(wo)102 132
S 1.32(rking code.).1 F 1.319(If you must use an address-alias, you should prefer 0.0.0.0 \(or simply `)
6.32 F(`0')-.74 E 1.319('\) o)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E .824
(127.0.0.1, though be w)102 144 R .824
(arned that depending on the vintage of your)-.1 F F3(BSD)3.325 E F2
(-deri)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.325(dn).15 G(etw)-3.325 E .825(orking code,)
-.1 F .98(both of them are capable of f)102 156 R .98(ailing in their o)
-.1 F .98(wn w)-.25 F 3.48(ays. If)-.1 F .98(your host')3.48 F 3.48(sI)
-.55 G 3.48(Pi)-3.48 G .98(mplementation does not)-3.48 F .35
(create a short-circuit route between the def)102 168 R .351
(ault interf)-.1 F .351(ace and the loopback interf)-.1 F .351
(ace, then you might)-.1 F(also w)102 180 Q
(ant to add a static route \(e)-.1 E(g. in)-.15 E F0(/etc/r)2.5 E
(c.local)-.18 E F2 2.5(\)t)C 2.5(od)-2.5 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G(o:)-2.5 E/F5 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF -.45(ro)152 196.2 S
(ute add myhost.domain.name localhost 1).45 E F2(The)127 216.6 Q F5
(sort-list)3.203 E F2 .702(is a list of IP address, netmask pairs. Addresses returned by gethostbyname are)
3.203 F .472(sorted to the order speci\214ed by this list.)102 228.6 R
(An)5.472 E 2.972(ya)-.15 G .473
(ddresses that do not match the address netmask pair)-2.972 F .346(will be returned after those that do. The netmask is optional and the natural netmask will be used if)
102 240.6 R(not speci\214ed.)102 252.6 Q(The)127 268.8 Q F5(option-list)
3.132 E F2 .633(is a list of options which each o)3.132 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.633(rride some internal resolv).15 F .633(er v)-.15 F 3.133
(ariable. Sup-)-.25 F(ported options at this time are:)102 280.8 Q F0
(deb)102 297 Q(ug)-.2 E F2(sets the)127 309 Q F3(RES_DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.09 E
F2(bit in)2.5 E F0(_r)2.5 E(es.options)-.18 E F2(.)A F0(ndots:)102 325.2
Q F5(n)A F2 .367(sets the lo)127 337.2 R .367
(wer threshold \(measured in `)-.25 F .366(`number of dots')-.74 F .366
('\) on names gi)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.866(nt).15 G(o)-2.866 E F5 -.37
(re)2.866 G(s_query).37 E F2 .366(\(\) such)B 1.283(that names with more than this number of dots will be tried as absolute names before an)
127 349.2 R(y)-.15 E F5(local-domain)127 361.2 Q F2(or)2.5 E F5(sear)2.5
E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2(processing is done.)2.5 E(The def)5 E
(ault for this internal v)-.1 E(ariable is `)-.25 E(`1')-.74 E('.)-.74 E
F0 2.5(6.3. Cache)87 397.2 R(Initialization File)2.5 E 2.5(6.3.1. r)102
421.2 R(oot.cache)-.18 E F2 .454(The name serv)142 437.4 R .454
(er needs to kno)-.15 F 2.954(wt)-.25 G .454(he serv)-2.954 F .454
(ers that are the authoritati)-.15 F .754 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .454
(ame serv).15 F .454(ers for the)-.15 F 1.56(root domain of the netw)117
449.4 R 4.06(ork. T)-.1 F 4.06(od)-.8 G 4.06(ot)-4.06 G 1.56(his we ha)
-4.06 F 1.86 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 4.06(op).15 G 1.56(rime the name serv)-4.06
F(er')-.15 E 4.06(sc)-.55 G 1.56(ache with the)-4.06 F .509
(addresses of these higher authorities.)117 461.4 R .509
(The location of this \214le is speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)5.509 F
(This)5.508 E 1.017(\214le uses the Standard Resource Record F)117 473.4
R 1.018(ormat \(aka. Master\214le F)-.15 F 1.018(ormat\) co)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 1.018(red further on in).15 F(this paper)117 485.4 Q(.)-.55 E
F0 2.5(6.4. Domain)87 521.4 R(Data Files)2.5 E F2 2.276(There are tw)127
537.6 R 4.776(os)-.1 G 2.275
(tandard \214les for specifying the data for a domain.)-4.776 F 2.275
(These are)7.275 F F5(hosts)4.775 E F2(and)4.775 E F5(host.r)102 549.6 Q
-.15(ev)-.37 G F2 6.189(.T).15 G 1.189
(hese \214les use the Standard Resource Record F)-6.189 F 1.189
(ormat co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.19(red later in this paper).15 F 6.19
(.N)-.55 G(ote)-6.19 E .804(that the \214le names are arbitrary; man)102
561.6 R 3.304(yn)-.15 G(etw)-3.304 E .804
(ork administrators prefer to name their zone \214les after)-.1 F .908
(the domains the)102 573.6 R 3.408(yc)-.15 G .908
(ontain, especially in the a)-3.408 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .908
(rage case which is where a gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.408(ns).15 G(erv)
-3.408 E .909(er is primary)-.15 F(and/or secondary for man)102 585.6 Q
2.5(yd)-.15 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent zones.)-.25 E F0 2.5(6.4.1. hosts)102
609.6 R F2 .495
(This \214le contains all the data about the machines in this zone.)142
625.8 R .494(The location of this \214le is)5.495 F
(speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)117 637.8 Q F0 2.5(6.4.2. hosts.r)102
661.8 R -.15(ev)-.18 G F2 1.076(This \214le speci\214es the IN-ADDR)142
678 R 1.666(.A)1.666 G(RP)-1.666 E 3.576(Ad)-.92 G 3.576(omain. This)
-3.576 F 1.077(is a special domain for allo)3.577 F(wing)-.25 E .252
(address to name mapping.)117 690 R .251
(As internet host addresses do not f)5.252 F .251
(all within domain boundaries, this)-.1 F .624(special domain w)117 702
R .624(as formed to allo)-.1 F 3.124(wi)-.25 G -1.85 -.4(nv e)-3.124 H
.624(rse mapping.).4 F .624(The IN-ADDR)5.624 F 1.666(.A)1.666 G(RP)
-1.666 E 3.124(Ad)-.92 G .624(omain has four)-3.124 F 1.694(labels preceding it. These labels correspond to the 4 octets of an Internet address.)
117 714 R 1.694(All four)6.694 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-12 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.1(octets must be speci\214ed e)
117 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.601(ni).15 G 4.601(fa)-4.601 G 4.601(no)-4.601
G 2.101(ctet contains zero.)-4.601 F 2.101
(The Internet address 128.32.0.4 is)7.101 F .079
(located in the domain 4)117 108 R 1.666(.0.3)1.666 G 1.666(2.1)-1.666 G
-.834(28 . IN-ADDR . ARP)-1.666 F 2.578(A. This)-.92 F(re)2.578 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G .078(rsal of the address is a).15 F(wkw)-.15 E(ard)-.1 E
(to read b)117 120 Q(ut allo)-.2 E
(ws for the natural grouping of hosts in a netw)-.25 E(ork.)-.1 E F0 2.5
(6.4.3. named.local)102 144 R F2 .55(This \214le speci\214es the)142
160.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(PTR)3.05 E F2 .55
(record for the local loopback interf)3.05 F .55(ace, better kno)-.1 F
.55(wn as)-.25 F F3(local-)3.05 E(host)117 172.2 Q F2 2.543(,w)C .043
(hose netw)-2.543 F .043(ork address is 127.0.0.1.)-.1 F .043
(The location of this \214le is speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)5.043 F
(It)5.042 E .346(is vitally important to the proper operation of e)117
184.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .346(ry name serv).15 F .346
(er that the 127.0.0.1 address ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(a)117 196.2 Q F3
(PTR)3.169 E F2 .668(record pointing back to the name `)3.169 F(`)-.74 E
F0(localhost.)A F2 -.74('')C 5.668(.T).74 G .668(he name of this)-5.668
F F3(PTR)3.168 E F2 .668(record is al)3.168 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E -.74
(``)117 208.2 S F0(1.0.0.127.).74 E F1(IN-ADDR.ARP)A(A)-.666 E F2 -.74
('')C 5.853(.T).74 G .854(his is necessary if you w)-5.853 F .854
(ant your users to be able to use host-)-.1 F .015
(name-authentication \()117 220.2 R F3(hosts.equiv)A F2(or)2.515 E F3
(~/.rhosts)2.515 E F2 2.515(\)o)C 2.515(nt)-2.515 G .015(he name `)
-2.515 F(`)-.74 E F0(localhost)A F2 -.74('')C 5.015(.A).74 G 2.515(si)
-5.015 G .015(mplied by this)-2.515 F F3(PTR)2.515 E F2 1.418
(record, there should be a `)117 232.2 R(`)-.74 E F0(localhost.)A F3(my)
A(.dom.ain)-.55 E F2 -.74('')C F3(A)4.658 E F2 1.419
(record \(with address 127.0.0.1\) in e)3.918 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E
.492(domain that contains hosts.)117 244.2 R -.74(``)5.492 G F0
(localhost.).74 E F2 1.972 -.74('' w)D .492
(ill lose its trailing dot when).74 F F0(1.0.0.127.in-addr)2.991 E(.ar)
-1 E(pa)-.1 E F2 .451(is queried for; then, the DEFN)117 256.2 R .451
(AMES and/or DNSRCH resolv)-.35 F .451(er options will cause `)-.15 F(`)
-.74 E F0(localhost)A F2 -.74('')C .518(to be e)117 268.2 R -.25(va)-.25
G .517(luated as a host name in the local domain, and that means the top domains \(or ideally)
.25 F(,)-.65 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)117 280.2 T(ry domain\) in your resolv)
.25 E(er')-.15 E 2.5(ss)-.55 G(earch path had better ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve s)-.2 H(omething by that name.).15 E F0 2.5(6.5. Standard)87 304.2 R
(Resour)2.5 E(ce Record F)-.18 E(ormat)-.25 E F2 .36
(The records in the name serv)127 320.4 R .361
(er data \214les are called resource records.)-.15 F .361
(The Standard Resource)5.361 F 1.96(Record F)102 332.4 R 1.96
(ormat \(RR\) is speci\214ed in RFC1035.)-.15 F 1.959(The follo)6.959 F
1.959(wing is a general description of these)-.25 F(records:)102 344.4 Q
F3 12.5({name} {ttl})102 360.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class Recor)-.2 F
2.5(dT)-.37 G 13.92(ype Recor)-3.24 F 2.5(dS)-.37 G(peci\214c data)-2.5
E F2 1.24(Resource records ha)102 376.8 R 1.54 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H 1.24
(tandard format sho).15 F 1.241(wn abo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.241(.T)
.15 G 1.241(he \214rst \214eld is al)-6.241 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.241
(ys the name of the).1 F .771(domain record and it must al)102 388.8 R
-.1(wa)-.1 G .771(ys start in column 1.).1 F -.15(Fo)5.771 G 3.271(ra)
.15 G .771(ll RR')-3.271 F 3.271(so)-.55 G .771
(ther than the \214rst in a \214le, the)-3.271 F .127
(name may be left blank; in that case it tak)102 400.8 R .128
(es on the name of the pre)-.1 F .128(vious RR.)-.25 F .128
(The second \214eld is an)5.128 F .02(optional time to li)102 412.8 R
.32 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H 2.52(eld. This).15 F .02(speci\214es ho)2.52 F
2.52(wl)-.25 G .019(ong this data will be stored in the data base.)-2.52
F .019(By lea)5.019 F(v-)-.2 E .275(ing this \214eld blank the def)102
424.8 R .275(ault time to li)-.1 F .576 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.776(ss).15 G
.276(peci\214ed in the)-2.776 F F3 .276(Start Of A)2.776 F(uthority)-.2
E F2 .276(resource record \(see)2.776 F(belo)102 436.8 Q 3.466(w\). The)
-.25 F .966(third \214eld is the address class; currently)3.466 F 3.466
(,o)-.65 G .965(nly one class is supported:)-3.466 F F3(IN)3.465 E F2
.965(for internet)3.465 F .322
(addresses and other internet information.)102 448.8 R .322
(Limited support is included for the)5.322 F F3(HS)2.822 E F2 .322
(class, which is for)2.822 F 1.322(MIT/Athena `)102 460.8 R(`Hesiod')
-.74 E 3.822('i)-.74 G 3.822(nformation. The)-3.822 F 1.321
(fourth \214eld states the type of the resource record.)3.822 F(The)
6.321 E 1.08(\214elds after that are dependent on the type of the RR.)
102 472.8 R 1.08(Case is preserv)6.08 F 1.08
(ed in names and data \214elds)-.15 F .843
(when loaded into the name serv)102 484.8 R(er)-.15 E 5.843(.A)-.55 G
.843(ll comparisons and lookups in the name serv)-5.843 F .843
(er data base are)-.15 F(case insensiti)102 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15
E F0(The f)102 520.8 Q(ollo)-.25 E(wing characters ha)-.1 E .2 -.1(ve s)
-.25 H(pecial meanings:).1 E F2 -.74(``)102 537 S F0(.).74 E F2 9.64
-.74('' A)D
(free standing dot in the name \214eld refers to the root domain.)3.24 E
-.74(``)102 553.2 S(@').74 E 3.95('A)-.74 G
(free standing @ in the name \214eld denotes the current origin.)-1.45 E
-.74(``)102 569.4 S(\\X').74 E 3.16('W)-.74 G 1.476(here X is an)-3.16 F
3.977(yc)-.15 G 1.477(haracter other than a digit \(0-9\), quotes that character so that its special)
-3.977 F(meaning does not apply)127 581.4 Q 5(.F)-.65 G(or e)-5.15 E
(xample, `)-.15 E(`\\.)-.74 E 1.48 -.74('' c)-.7 H
(an be used to place a dot character in a label.).74 E -.74(``)102 597.6
S(\\DDD').74 E(')-.74 E .164(Where each D is a digit, is the octet corresponding to the decimal number described by DDD.)
127 609.6 R(The resulting octet is assumed to be te)127 621.6 Q
(xt and is not check)-.15 E(ed for special meaning.)-.1 E -.74(``)102
637.8 S 2.5(\(\)).74 G 2.98 -.74('' P)-2.5 H .277
(arentheses are used to group data that crosses a line.).59 F .278
(In ef)5.278 F .278(fect, line terminations are not rec-)-.25 F .99
(ognized within parentheses.)127 649.8 R .99
(\(At present, this notation only w)5.99 F .99(orks for SO)-.1 F 3.49
(AR)-.35 G(R')-3.49 E 3.49(sa)-.55 G .99(nd is not)-3.49 F(optional.\))
127 661.8 Q -.74(``)102 678 S(;').74 E 10.38('S)-.74 G 1.416
(emicolon starts a comment; the remainder of the line is ignored.)-10.38
F 1.416(Note that a completely)6.416 F
(blank line is also considered a comment, and ignored.)127 690 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-13)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.74(``)102 96 S(*')
.74 E 8.16('A)-.74 G 3.193(na)-8.16 G .693
(sterisk signi\214es wildcarding.)-3.193 F .692
(Note that this is just another data character whose special)5.693 F
1.677(meaning comes about only during internal name serv)127 108 R 1.677
(er search operations.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)6.678 G 1.678(ldcarding is).4 F
.642(only meaningful for some RR types \(notably)127 120 R/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(MX)3.142 E F2 .642
(\), and then only in the name \214eld \212 not in)B(the data \214elds.)
127 132 Q(An)127 148.2 Q .343(ywhere a name appears \212 either in the name \214eld or in some data \214eld de\214ned to contain)
-.15 F .386(names \212 the current origin will be appended if the name does not end in a `)
102 160.2 R(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G 5.386(.T).74 G .385
(his is useful for)-5.386 F .911(appending the current domain name to the data, such as machine names, b)
102 172.2 R .911(ut may cause problems)-.2 F 1.504(where you do not w)
102 184.2 R 1.504(ant this to happen.)-.1 F 4.003(Ag)6.503 G 1.503
(ood rule of thumb is that, if the name is not in the)-4.003 F(domain for which you are creating the data \214le, end the name with a `)
102 196.2 Q(`)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 -.74('')C(.).74 E F0 2.5(6.5.1. $INCLUDE)
102 220.2 R F2 .92(An include line be)142 236.4 R .921
(gins with $INCLUDE, starting in column 1, and is follo)-.15 F .921
(wed by a \214le)-.25 F 1.086(name, and, optionally)117 248.4 R 3.586
(,b)-.65 G 3.586(yan)-3.586 G 1.585 -.25(ew t)-3.586 H 1.085
(emporary $ORIGIN to be used while reading this \214le.).25 F(This)6.085
E .454(feature is particularly useful for separating dif)117 260.4 R
.454(ferent types of data into multiple \214les.)-.25 F .455(An e)5.455
F(xam-)-.15 E(ple w)117 272.4 Q(ould be:)-.1 E
($INCLUDE /usr/local/adm/named/data/mail-e)167 288.6 Q(xchanges)-.15 E
2.076(The line w)117 304.8 R 2.076
(ould be interpreted as a request to load the \214le)-.1 F F3
(/usr/local/adm/named/data/mail-)4.575 E -.2(ex)117 316.8 S -.15(ch).2 G
(ang).15 E(es)-.1 E F2 5.278(.T)C .279
(he $INCLUDE command does not cause data to be loaded into a dif)-5.278
F .279(ferent zone or)-.25 F 1.111(tree. This is simply a w)117 328.8 R
1.111(ay to allo)-.1 F 3.611(wd)-.25 G 1.111(ata for a gi)-3.611 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.611(np).15 G 1.111(rimary zone to be or)-3.611 F -.05(ga)
-.18 G 1.111(nized in separate).05 F 3.467(\214les. Not)117 340.8 R
-2.15 -.25(ev e)3.467 H 3.467(nt).25 G .967(he `)-3.467 F .968
(`temporary $ORIGIN')-.74 F 3.468('f)-.74 G .968(eature described abo)
-3.468 F 1.268 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 3.468(ss).15 G(uf)-3.468 E .968
(\214cient to cause your)-.25 F .562(data to branch out into some other zone \212 zone boundaries can only be introduced in the boot)
117 352.8 R(\214le.)117 364.8 Q 2.647(A$)142 381 S .147
(INCLUDE \214le must ha)-2.647 F .448 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .148
(ame on its \214rst RR.).15 F .148
(That is, the \214rst character of the \214rst)5.148 F 1.316
(non-comment line must not be a space.)117 393 R 1.316(The current def)
6.316 F 1.315(ault name in the parent \214le)-.1 F F3 1.315(does not)
3.815 F F2(carry into the $INCLUDE \214le.)117 405 Q F0 2.5
(6.5.2. $ORIGIN)102 429 R F2 .434(The origin is a w)142 445.2 R .434
(ay of changing the origin in a data \214le.)-.1 F .435
(The line starts in column 1, and)5.434 F 1.072(is follo)117 457.2 R
1.072(wed by a domain origin.)-.25 F 1.071(This seems lik)6.071 F 3.571
(ei)-.1 G 3.571(tc)-3.571 G 1.071
(ould be useful for putting more then one)-3.571 F 1.335
(zone into a data \214le, b)117 469.2 R 1.335(ut that')-.2 F 3.836(sn)
-.55 G 1.336(ot ho)-3.836 F 3.836(wi)-.25 G 3.836(tw)-3.836 G 3.836
(orks. The)-3.936 F 1.336(name serv)3.836 F 1.336
(er fundamentally requires a)-.15 F(gi)117 481.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.67
(nz).15 G 1.17(one to map entirely to some speci\214c \214le.)-3.67 F
-1.1(Yo)6.17 G 3.67(us)1.1 G 1.17(hould therefore be v)-3.67 F 1.17
(ery careful to use)-.15 F .584
($ORIGIN only once at the top of a \214le, or)117 493.2 R 3.084(,w)-.4 G
.585(ithin a \214le, to change to a `)-3.084 F(`lo)-.74 E(wer')-.25 E
3.085('d)-.74 G .585(omain in the)-3.085 F 2.5(zone \212)117 505.2 R(ne)
2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G
(ome other zone altogether)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(6.5.3. SO)102 529.2 R
2.5(A-S)-.4 G(tart Of A)-2.5 E(uthority)-.5 E F3 12.5(name {ttl})117
549.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class SO)-.2 F 47.22(AO)-.55 G 73.77(rigin P)
-47.22 F(er)-.8 E(son in c)-.1 E(har)-.15 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F2 60.39(@I)
117 561.6 S 44.79(NS)-60.39 G 43.55 -.35(OA u)-44.79 H(cb).35 E -.25(va)
-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)
A F2(kjd)15 E F0(.)A F2(ucb)A -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A
(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(\()2.5 E 12.5
(1995122103 ;)241.94 573.6 R(Serial)2.5 E 37.5(10800 ;)241.94 585.6 R
(Refresh)2.5 E 42.5(1800 ;)241.94 597.6 R(Retry)2.5 E 27.5(3600000 ;)
241.94 609.6 R(Expire)2.5 E(259200 \))241.94 621.6 Q 2.5(;M)29.17 G
(inimum)-2.5 E(The)117 642 Q F3 .434(Start of A)2.934 F(uthority)-.2 E
2.934(,S)-.55 G -.55(OA)-2.934 G(,).55 E F2 .434
(record designates the start of a zone.)2.934 F .434
(The name is the name of the)5.434 F .787(zone and is often gi)117 654 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.287(na).15 G 3.287(s`)-3.287 G(`@')-4.027 E 3.287('s)
-.74 G .787(ince this is al)-3.287 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .787
(ys the current $ORIGIN and the SO).1 F 3.288(AR)-.35 G 3.288(Ri)-3.288
G(s)-3.288 E 1.009
(usually the \214rst record of the primary zone \214le.)117 666 R 1.008
(Origin is the name of the host on which this)6.008 F .868
(data \214le resides \(in other w)117 678 R .868(ords, the)-.1 F F3 .868
(primary master)3.368 F F2(serv)3.368 E .868(er for this zone.\))-.15 F
.868(Person in char)5.868 F .869(ge is)-.18 F .67
(the e-mail address for the person responsible for the name serv)117 690
R(er)-.15 E 3.17(,w)-.4 G .67(ith `)-3.17 F(`@')-.74 E 3.17('c)-.74 G
.67(hanged to a `)-3.17 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G(.).74 E .994
(The serial number is the v)117 702 R .994
(ersion number of this data \214le and must be a positi)-.15 F 1.295
-.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(ger)-.15 E 5.995(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.995 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-14 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .903
(number must be incremented whene)117 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.403(rac).15
G .903(hange is made to the data.)-3.403 F .902(Older serv)5.903 F .902
(ers permitted)-.15 F 1.5(the use of a phantom `)117 108 R(`.)-.74 E
2.98 -.74('' i)-.7 H 4(nt).74 G 1.5
(his and other numbers in a zone \214le; the meaning of n.m w)-4 F(as)
-.1 E -.74(``)117 120 S(n000m').74 E 3.755('r)-.74 G 1.254
(ather than the more intuiti)-3.755 F 1.554 -.15(ve `)-.25 H(`n*1000+m')
-.59 E 3.754('\()-.74 G 1.254(such that 1.234 translated to 1000234)
-3.754 F .28(rather than to 1234\).)117 132 R .281
(This feature has been deprecated due to its obscurity)5.28 F 2.781(,u)
-.65 G(npredictability)-2.781 E 2.781(,a)-.65 G(nd)-2.781 E 2.104
(lack of necessity)117 144 R 7.103(.N)-.65 G 2.103(ote that using a `)
-7.103 F(`YYYYMMDDNN')-.74 E 4.603('n)-.74 G 2.103
(otation you can still mak)-4.603 F 4.603(e1)-.1 G(00)-4.603 E .074
(changes per day until the year 4294.)117 156 R -1.1(Yo)5.075 G 2.575
(us)1.1 G .075(hould choose a notation that w)-2.575 F .075
(orks for you.)-.1 F .075(If you')5.075 F(re)-.5 E 3.092(ac)117 168 S
(le)-3.092 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(perl)3.092 E
F2 .592(programmer you could e)3.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.091(nu).15 G(se)
-3.091 E F3(RCS)3.091 E F2 -.15(ve)3.091 G .591
(rsion numbers to help generate your zone).15 F .535(serial numbers.)117
180 R .535(The refresh indicates ho)5.535 F 3.036(wo)-.25 G .536
(ften, in seconds, the secondary name serv)-3.036 F .536(ers are to)-.15
F .212(check with the primary name serv)117 192 R .212
(er to see if an update is needed.)-.15 F .211(The retry indicates ho)
5.212 F 2.711(wl)-.25 G(ong,)-2.711 E .718(in seconds, a secondary serv)
117 204 R .718(er should w)-.15 F .719(ait before retrying a f)-.1 F
.719(ailed zone transfer)-.1 F 5.719(.E)-.55 G .719(xpire is the)-5.719
F .287(upper limit, in seconds, that a secondary name serv)117 216 R
.287(er is to use the data before it e)-.15 F .286(xpires for lack)-.15
F .175(of getting a refresh.)117 228 R .175(Minimum is the def)5.175 F
.175(ault number of seconds to be used for the T)-.1 F .175(ime T)-.35 F
2.675(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.675 H .486(\214eld on resource records which do not specify one in the zone \214le.)
117 240 R .485(It is also an enforced mini-)5.485 F .632(mum on T)117
252 R .632(ime T)-.35 F 3.132(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.132 H .632
(if it is speci\214ed on some resource record \(RR\) in the zone.)3.382
F .633(There must)5.633 F(be e)117 264 Q(xactly one)-.15 E F3(SO)2.5 E
(A)-.55 E F2(record per zone.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.5.4. NS)102 288 R 2.5(-N)
2.5 G(ame Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F3 12.5({name} {ttl})117 304.2
R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class NS)-.2 F(Name server)16.11 E 2.5(sn)-.1 G
(ame)-2.5 E F2 42.29(IN NS)194.6 316.2 R(ucbarpa)15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2
(Berk)1.666 E(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(Edu)1.666 E F0(.)A F2
(The)117 332.4 Q F3 .044(Name Server)2.544 F F2(record,)2.544 E F3(NS)
2.544 E F2 2.544(,l)C .044(ists a name serv)-2.544 F .044
(er responsible for a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.543(nd).15 G .043
(omain, creating a)-2.543 F F3(dele-)2.543 E .43(gation point)117 344.4
R F2 .43(and a)2.93 F F3(subzone)2.93 E F2 5.43(.T)C .431(he \214rst name \214eld speci\214es the zone that is serviced by the name)
-5.43 F(serv)117 356.4 Q(er speci\214ed by the second name.)-.15 E(Ev)5
E(ery zone needs at least tw)-.15 E 2.5(on)-.1 G(ame serv)-2.5 E(ers.)
-.15 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-15)A 2.5(6.5.5. A)102 96 R 2.5(-A)2.5 G(ddr)-2.5
E(ess)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 14.49({name} {ttl})117 112.2 R
(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class A)-.2 F(addr)16.11 E(ess)-.37 E/F3 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF 45.44(ucbarpa IN)117 124.2 R 15(A1)44.79 G(28)-15 E F0
(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(4)A 42.29(IN A)196.59 136.2 R(10)15
E F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(78)A(The)117 152.4 Q F2(Addr)
3.754 E(ess)-.37 E F3(record,)3.754 E F2(A)3.754 E F3 3.754(,l)C 1.254
(ists the address for a gi)-3.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.754(nm).15 G 3.754
(achine. The)-3.754 F 1.253(name \214eld is the machine)3.754 F .342
(name and the address is the netw)117 164.4 R .342(ork address.)-.1 F
.342(There should be one)5.342 F F2(A)2.843 E F3 .343
(record for each address of)2.843 F(the machine.)117 176.4 Q F0 2.5
(6.5.6. HINFO)102 200.4 R 2.5(-H)2.5 G(ost Inf)-2.5 E(ormation)-.25 E F2
12.5({name} {ttl})117 216.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class HINFO)-.2 F(Har)
15 E(dwar)-.37 E 26.05(eO)-.37 G(S)-26.05 E F3 42.29(IN HINFO)194.6
228.6 R -1.35(VA)15 G 12.5(X-11/780 UNIX)1.35 F F2 .393
(Host Information)117 244.8 R F3 .393(resource record,)2.893 F F2(HINFO)
2.893 E F3 2.893(,i)C 2.893(sf)-2.893 G .393(or host speci\214c data.)
-2.893 F .393(This lists the hardw)5.393 F .392(are and)-.1 F 1.94
(operating system that are running at the listed host.)117 256.8 R 1.94
(If you w)6.94 F 1.94(ant to include a space in the)-.1 F 1.155
(machine name you must quote the name \(using `)117 268.8 R(`"')-.74 E
3.654('c)-.74 G 3.654(haracters.\) There)-3.654 F 1.154(could be one)
3.654 F F2(HINFO)3.654 E F3 .653
(record for each host, though for security reasons most domains don')117
280.8 R 3.154(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.154 H(an)3.354 E(y)-.15 E F2
(HINFO)3.154 E F3(records)3.154 E(at all.)117 292.8 Q
(No application depends on them.)5 E F0 2.5(6.5.7. WKS)102 321 R 2.5(-W)
2.5 G(ell Kno)-3.15 E(wn Ser)-.1 E(vices)-.1 E F2 12.5({name} {ttl})117
337.2 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class WKS)-.2 F(addr)17.22 E 29.26(ess pr)
-.37 F 12.39(otocol list)-.45 F(of services)2.5 E F3 42.29(IN WKS)194.6
349.2 R(128)15 E F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 12.5(10 UDP)B
(who route timed domain)28.33 E 42.29(IN WKS)194.6 361.2 R(128)15 E F0
(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 12.5(10 TCP)B 2.5(\(e)29.99 G
(cho telnet)-2.5 E(discard sunrpc sftp)397.99 373.2 Q
(uucp-path systat daytime)397.99 385.2 Q(netstat qotd nntp)397.99 397.2
Q(link char)397.99 409.2 Q(gen ftp)-.18 E(auth time whois mtp)397.99
421.2 Q(pop rje \214nger smtp)397.99 433.2 Q(supdup hostnames)397.99
445.2 Q(domain)397.99 457.2 Q(nameserv)397.99 469.2 Q(er \))-.15 E(The)
117 485.4 Q F2 -.92(We)2.574 G .074(ll Known Services).92 F F3(record,)
2.574 E F2(WKS)2.574 E F3 2.574(,d)C .074(escribes the well kno)-2.574 F
.073(wn services supported by a partic-)-.25 F .366
(ular protocol at a speci\214ed address.)117 497.4 R .367
(The list of services and port numbers come from the list of)5.366 F
1.122(services speci\214ed in)117 509.4 R F2(/etc/services.)3.622 E F3
1.122(There should be only one)3.622 F F2(WKS)3.621 E F3 1.121
(record per protocol per ad-)3.621 F 2.5(dress. Note)117 521.4 R
(that RFC1123 says of)2.5 E F2(WKS)2.5 E F3(records:)2.5 E 2.5
(2.2 Using)124.5 541.8 R(Domain Name Service)2.5 E(...)124.5 553.8 Q
(An application SHOULD NO)132 565.8 Q 2.5(Tr)-.4 G
(ely on the ability to locate a WKS)-2.5 E
(record containing an accurate listing of all services at a)132 577.8 Q
(particular host address, since the WKS RR type is not often used)132
589.8 Q(by Internet sites.)132 601.8 Q 1.6 -.8(To c)5 H
(on\214rm that a service is present, simply).8 E(attempt to use it.)132
613.8 Q(...)124.5 625.8 Q 2.5(5.2.12 WKS)132 637.8 R
(Use in MX Processing: RFC-974, p. 5)2.5 E
(RFC-974 [SMTP:3] recommended that the domain system be queried)139.5
661.8 Q(for WKS \("W)139.5 673.8 Q(ell-Kno)-.8 E
(wn Service"\) records, to v)-.25 E(erify that each)-.15 E
(proposed mail tar)139.5 685.8 Q(get does support SMTP)-.18 E 5(.L)-1.11
G(ater e)-5 E(xperience has)-.15 E(sho)139.5 697.8 Q
(wn that WKS is not widely supported, so the WKS step in MX)-.25 E
(processing SHOULD NO)139.5 709.8 Q 2.5(Tb)-.4 G 2.5(eu)-2.5 G(sed.)-2.5
E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-16 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(...)124.5 96 Q 2.5(6.1.3.6 Status)
139.5 108 R(of RR T)2.5 E(ypes)-.8 E(...)124.5 120 Q
(The TXT and WKS RR types ha)159.5 132 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
(ot been widely used by).15 E
(Internet sites; as a result, an application cannot rely)159.5 144 Q
(on the e)159.5 156 Q(xistence of a TXT or WKS RR in most)-.15 E
(domains.)159.5 168 Q F0 2.5(6.5.8. CN)102 196.2 R(AME - Canonical Name)
-.2 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 32.49(alias {ttl})117 212.4 R(addr)16.6 E
10.82(-class CN)-.2 F 14.64(AME Canonical)-.27 F(name)2.5 E F2 45.44
(ucbmonet IN)117 224.4 R(CN)44.79 E 12.5(AME monet)-.35 F(The)117 240.6
Q F3 .086(Canonical Name)2.586 F F2 .086(resource record,)2.586 F F3(CN)
2.586 E(AME)-.27 E F2 2.586(,s)C .087
(peci\214es an alias or nickname for the of)-2.586 F .087(\214cial, or)
-.25 F 1.322(canonical, host name.)117 252.6 R 1.322
(This record must be the only one associated with the alias name.)6.322
F(All)6.322 E .139(other resource records must be associated with the canonical name, not with the nickname.)
117 264.6 R(An)5.14 E(y)-.15 E .072
(resource records that include a domain name as their v)117 276.6 R .072
(alue \(e.g., NS or MX\))-.25 F F3(must)2.571 E F2 .071(list the canon-)
2.571 F .256(ical name, not the nickname.)117 288.6 R(Similarly)5.256 E
2.757(,aC)-.65 G -.35(NA)-2.757 G .257(ME will be follo).35 F .257
(wed when searching for A RRs,)-.25 F -.2(bu)117 300.6 S 3.101(tn).2 G
.601(ot for MX RRs or NS RRs or most other types of RRs.)-3.101 F(CN)5.6
E .6(AMEs are allo)-.35 F .6(wed to point to)-.25 F(other CN)117 312.6 Q
(AMEs, b)-.35 E(ut this is considered slopp)-.2 E -.65(y.)-.1 G .057
(Nicknames are useful when a well kno)142 328.8 R .057
(wn host changes its name.)-.25 F .058(In that case, it is usually)5.058
F 2.772(ag)117 340.8 S .272(ood idea to ha)-2.772 F .572 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
F3(CN)2.922 E(AME)-.27 E F2 .271
(record so that people still using the old name will get to the right)
2.772 F(place.)117 352.8 Q F0 2.5(6.5.9. PTR)102 376.8 R 2.5(-D)2.5 G
(omain Name P)-2.5 E(ointer)-.2 E F3 12.5(name {ttl})117 393 R(addr)16.6
E 10.82(-class PTR)-.2 F -.37(re)15.56 G(al name).37 E F2 54.6(7.0 IN)
117 405 R 12.5(PTR monet)44.79 F F0(.)1.666 E F2(Berk)1.666 E(ele)-.1 E
(y)-.15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(Edu)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(A)117 421.2 Q F3
.816(Domain Name P)3.316 F(ointer)-.8 E F2(record,)3.316 E F3(PTR)3.316
E F2 3.317(,a)C(llo)-3.317 E .817
(ws special names to point to some other location in)-.25 F .842
(the domain.)117 433.2 R .842(The abo)5.842 F 1.142 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
.842(ample of a).15 F F3(PTR)3.342 E F2 .842
(record is used in setting up re)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .841
(rse pointers for the).15 F(special)117 445.2 Q F3(IN-ADDR)3.078 E F0(.)
1.666 E F3(ARP)1.666 E(A)-.9 E F2 .578(domain. This line is from the e)
3.078 F(xample)-.15 E F3(hosts.r)3.078 E -.15(ev)-.37 G F2(\214le.)3.229
E F3(PTR)5.579 E F2 .579(records are)3.079 F 2.786(needed by the)117
457.2 R F3 -.1(ge)5.286 G(thostbyaddr).1 E F2 5.286(function. Note)5.286
F 2.786(the trailing `)5.286 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 4.266 -.74('' w)
1.666 H 2.786(hich pre).74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts).15 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
SF(BIND)5.286 E F2(from)5.286 E(appending the current)117 469.2 Q F4
($ORIGIN)2.5 E F2(to that domain name.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.5.10. MX)102 493.2
R 2.5(-M)2.5 G(ail Exchange)-2.5 E F3 68.33(name {ttl})117 509.4 R(addr)
16.6 E 10.82(-class MX)-.2 F(pr)16.67 E(efer)-.37 E(ence value)-.37 E
(mail e)14.92 E(xc)-.2 E(hang)-.15 E(e)-.1 E F2(Munnari)117 521.4 Q F0
(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)2.216 E F2
42.29(IN MX)47.94 F 76.1(0S)15 G(eismo)-76.1 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CSS)1.666
E F0(.)1.666 E F2(GO)1.666 E(V)-.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(*)117 533.4 Q F0(.)
1.666 E F2(IL)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 42.29(IN MX)100.992 F 76.1(0R)15 G
(ELA)-76.1 E(Y)-1.05 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CS)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(NET)
1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 .726(Mail eXc)117 549.6 R(hang)-.15 E(e)-.1 E F2
(records,)3.226 E F3(MX)3.227 E F2 3.227(,a)C .727
(re used to specify a list of hosts which are con\214gured to recei)
-3.227 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .093(mail sent to this domain name.)117 561.6 R
(Ev)5.093 E .092(ery name which recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(sm).15
G .092(ail should ha)-2.592 F .392 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E F3(MX)2.592 E
F2 .092(since if one)2.592 F .213
(is not found at the time mail is being deli)117 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
.213(red, an).15 F F3(MX)2.713 E F2 .213(will be `)2.713 F(`imputed')
-.74 E 2.714('w)-.74 G .214(ith a cost of 0 and a)-2.714 F .881
(destination of the host itself.)117 585.6 R .881(If you w)5.881 F .881
(ant a host to recei)-.1 F 1.18 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .88(ts o).15 F .88
(wn mail, you should create an)-.25 F F3(MX)117 597.6 Q F2 .464
(for your host')2.964 F 2.964(sn)-.55 G .464
(ame, pointing at your host')-2.964 F 2.964(sn)-.55 G 2.964(ame. It)
-2.964 F .465(is better to ha)2.965 F .765 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .465
(his be e).15 F .465(xplicit than)-.15 F 1.198
(to let it be imputed by remote mailers.)117 609.6 R 1.198
(In the \214rst e)6.198 F 1.198(xample, abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.698
(,S).15 G(eismo)-3.698 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CSS)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(GO)
1.666 E(V)-.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 1.198(is a)3.698 F .692(mail g)117 621.6
R(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 3.192(yt).1 G .692(hat kno)-3.192 F .692
(ws ho)-.25 F 3.192(wt)-.25 G 3.192(od)-3.192 G(eli)-3.192 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.192(rm).15 G .692(ail to Munnari)-3.192 F F0(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)
1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)2.216 E F2 5.693(.T)C .693
(hese tw)-5.693 F 3.193(om)-.1 G .693(achines may)-3.193 F(ha)117 633.6
Q .476 -.15(ve a p)-.2 H(ri).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .176
(te connection or use a dif).25 F .175(ferent transport medium.)-.25 F
.175(The preference v)5.175 F .175(alue is the order)-.25 F .109
(that a mailer should follo)117 645.6 R 2.609(ww)-.25 G .109
(hen there is more than one w)-2.609 F .11(ay to deli)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.61(rm).15 G .11(ail to a single machine.)-2.61 F .01(Note that lo)
117 657.6 R .009(wer numbers indicate higher precedence, and that mailers are supposed to randomize)
-.25 F(same-v)117 669.6 Q(alued)-.25 E F3(MX)2.719 E F2 .219
(hosts so as to distrib)2.719 F .219(ute the load e)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.22(nly if the costs are equal.).15 F .22(See RFC974 for)5.22 F
(more detailed information.)117 681.6 Q -.4(Wi)142 697.8 S 1.822
(ldcard names containing the character `).4 F(`*')-.74 E 4.322('m)-.74 G
1.821(ay be used for mail routing with)-4.322 F F3(MX)4.321 E F2 4.366
(records. There)117 709.8 R 1.866(are lik)4.366 F 1.866(ely to be serv)
-.1 F 1.866(ers on the netw)-.15 F 1.867(ork that simply state that an)
-.1 F 4.367(ym)-.15 G 1.867(ail to a)-4.367 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-17)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .43
(domain is to be routed through a relay)117 96 R 5.429(.S)-.65 G .429
(econd e)-5.429 F .429(xample, abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.929(,a).15 G
.429(ll mail to hosts in the domain)-2.929 F 1.72
(IL is routed through RELA)117 108 R -1.29(Y.)-1.05 G(CS.NET)1.29 E
6.721(.T)-.74 G 1.721
(his is done by creating a wildcard resource record,)-6.721 F .381
(which states that *.IL has an)117 120 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MX)
2.881 E F2 .381(of RELA)2.881 F -1.29(Y.)-1.05 G(CS.NET)1.29 E 5.381(.W)
-.74 G(ildcard)-5.781 E F3(MX)2.881 E F2 .38(records are not v)2.88 F
.38(ery useful)-.15 F .189
(in practice, though, since once a mail message gets to the g)117 132 R
(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 2.69(yf).1 G .19(or a gi)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.69(nd).15 G .19(omain it still has)-2.69 F .862(to be routed)117 144
R F3(within)3.362 E F2 .861
(that domain and it is not currently possible to ha)3.362 F 1.161 -.15
(ve a)-.2 H 3.361(na).15 G(pparently-dif)-3.361 E(ferent)-.25 E .228
(set of)117 156 R F3(MX)2.728 E F2 .229
(records inside and outside of a domain.)2.728 F .229(If you w)5.229 F
(on')-.1 E 2.729(tb)-.18 G 2.729(en)-2.729 G .229(eeding an)-2.729 F
2.729(yM)-.15 G .229(ail Exchanges)-2.729 F .306
(inside your domain, go ahead and use a wildcard.)117 168 R .306
(If you w)5.306 F .305(ant to use both wildcard `)-.1 F(`top-le)-.74 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E(')-.74 E 1.324(and speci\214c `)117 180 R
(`interior')-.74 E(')-.74 E F3(MX)3.824 E F2 1.324
(records, note that each speci\214c record will ha)3.824 F 1.624 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 3.824(o`).15 G 1.324(`end with')-4.564 F 3.824('a)-.74 G
.711(complete recitation of the same data that is carried in the top-le)
117 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.21(lr).15 G 3.21(ecord. This)-3.21 F .71
(is because the)3.21 F(speci\214c)117 204 Q F3(MX)3.124 E F2 .624
(records will tak)3.124 F 3.124(ep)-.1 G .624(recedence o)-3.124 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.124(rt).15 G .624(he top-le)-3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.124
(lw).15 G .625(ildcard records, and must be able)-3.124 F .058
(to perform the top-le)117 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 2.558(si)-.55 G
2.557(fag)-2.558 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.557 H 2.557(ni).25 G .057
(nterior domain is to be able to recei)-2.557 F .357 -.15(ve m)-.25 H
.057(ail from outside the).15 F -.05(ga)117 228 S(te).05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G
3.8 -.65(y. W).1 H(ildcard).25 E F3(MX)2.5 E F2(records are v)2.5 E
(ery subtle and you should be careful with them.)-.15 E F0 2.5
(6.5.11. TXT)102 252 R 2.5(-T)2.5 G(ext)-3.42 E F3 68.33(name {ttl})117
268.2 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class TXT)-.2 F(string)17.21 E F2(Munnari)117
280.2 Q F0(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)
2.216 E F2 42.29(IN TXT)47.94 F("foo")15 E(A)117 296.4 Q F3(TXT)3.639 E
F2 1.139(record contains free-form te)3.639 F 1.139(xtual data.)-.15 F
1.139(The syntax of the te)6.139 F 1.14(xt depends on the domain)-.15 F
.146(where it is found; man)117 308.4 R 2.646(ys)-.15 G .146(ystems use)
-2.646 F F3(TXT)2.646 E F2 .146
(records to encode local data in a stylized format.)2.646 F(MIT)5.145 E
(Hesiod is one such system.)117 320.4 Q F0 2.5(6.5.12. RP)102 344.4 R
2.5(-R)2.5 G(esponsible P)-2.5 E(erson)-.2 E F3 19.16(owner {ttl})117
360.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class RP)-.2 F 36.59(mbox-domain-name TXT)
15.01 F(-domain-name)-.74 E F2 45.44(franklin IN)117 372.6 R 12.5
(RP ben.franklin.berk)44.79 F(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 12.5
(edu. sysadmins.berk).65 F(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(edu.).65 E .393
(The Responsible Person record,)142 393 R F3(RP)2.893 E F2 2.893(,i)C
.393(denti\214es the name or group name of the responsible)-2.893 F .331
(person for a host.)117 405 R .33(Often it is desirable to be able to identify the responsible entity for a particu-)
5.331 F 1.165(lar host.)117 417 R 1.165(When that host is do)6.165 F
1.165(wn or malfunctioning, you w)-.25 F 1.166(ould w)-.1 F 1.166
(ant to contact those parties)-.1 F
(who might be able to repair the host.)117 429 Q 1.119
(The \214rst \214eld,)142 445.2 R F3(mbox-domain-name)3.619 E F2 3.619
(,i)C 3.619(sad)-3.619 G 1.118
(omain name that speci\214es the mailbox for the)-3.619 F 1.38
(responsible person.)117 457.2 R 1.38
(Its format in a zone \214le uses the)6.38 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(DNS)
3.88 E F2(con)3.88 E -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.38(ntion for mailbox encoding,).15
F .402(identical to that used for the)117 469.2 R F3 -.8(Pe)2.901 G -.1
(rs).8 G(on-in-c).1 E(har)-.15 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F2 .401
(mailbox \214eld in the SO)3.001 F 2.901(Ar)-.35 G 2.901(ecord. In)
-2.901 F .401(the e)2.901 F(xample)-.15 E(abo)117 481.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.918(,t).15 G(he)-2.918 E F3(mbox-domain-name)2.918 E F2(sho)2.919 E
.419(ws the encoding for `)-.25 F(`)-.74 E F0(<ben@franklin.berk)A(eley)
-.1 E(.edu>)-.7 E F2 -.74('')C 5.419(.T).74 G(he)-5.419 E
(root domain name \(just `)117 493.2 Q(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')
1.666 G 2.5(\)m).74 G
(ay be speci\214ed to indicate that no mailbox is a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable.).25 E .931(The second \214eld,)142 509.4 R F3(TXT)3.431 E
(-domain-name)-.74 E F2 3.431(,i)C 3.431(sad)-3.431 G .931
(omain name for which)-3.431 F F3(TXT)3.431 E F2 .93(records e)3.43 F
3.43(xist. A)-.15 F 1.808(subsequent query can be performed to retrie)
117 521.4 R 2.108 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.809(he associated).15 F F3(TXT)
4.309 E F2 1.809(resource records at)4.309 F F3(TXT)4.309 E(-)-.74 E
(domain-name)117 533.4 Q F2 6.416(.T)C 1.416(his pro)-6.416 F 1.416
(vides a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.916(lo).15 G 3.915(fi)-3.916 G 1.415
(ndirection so that the entity can be referred to from)-3.915 F 2.158
(multiple places in the)117 545.4 R F4(DNS)4.658 E F2 7.158(.T)C 2.159
(he root domain name \(just `)-7.158 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')
1.666 G 4.659(\)m).74 G 2.159(ay be speci\214ed for)-4.659 F F3(TXT)
4.659 E(-)-.74 E 1.784
(domain-name to indicate that no associated TXT RR e)117 557.4 R 4.284
(xists. In)-.2 F 1.784(the e)4.284 F 1.783(xample abo)-.2 F(ve)-.1 E
4.283(,`)-.1 G(`)-5.393 E F0(sysad-)A(mins.berk)117 569.4 Q(eley)-.1 E
(.edu.)-.7 E F3 2.692 -1.11('' i)D 2.972(st)1.11 G .472
(he name of a TXT r)-2.972 F(ecor)-.37 E 2.972(dt)-.37 G .472
(hat might contain some te)-2.972 F .472(xt with names and)-.2 F
(phone number)117 581.4 Q(s.)-.1 E F2 1.168(The format of the)142 597.6
R F3(RP)3.668 E F2 1.168(record is class-insensiti)3.668 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 6.168(.M).15 G(ultiple)-6.168 E F3(RP)3.668 E F2 1.168
(records at a single name)3.668 F
(may be present in the database, though the)117 609.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(hould ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(dentical TTLs.).15 E(The)142 625.8 Q
F3(RP)2.5 E F2(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all name serv)
-.15 E(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.5.13. AFSDB)102
649.8 R 2.5(-D)2.5 G(CE or AFS Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F3 39.17
(name {ttl})117 666 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class AFSDB)-.2 F 13.06
(subtype server)16.68 F(host name)2.5 E F2(toaster)117 678 Q 45.44
(.com. IN)-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 1)44.79 F(jack.toaster)41.11 E(.com.)-.55 E
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-18 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(toaster)117 96 Q 45.44(.com. IN)
-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 1)44.79 F(jill.toaster)41.11 E(.com.)-.55 E(toaster)
117 108 Q 45.44(.com. IN)-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 2)44.79 F(track)41.11 E(er)
-.1 E(.toaster)-.55 E(.com.)-.55 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(AFSDB)117
124.2 Q F2 .042(records are used to specify the hosts that pro)2.542 F
.042(vide a style of distrib)-.15 F .042(uted service adv)-.2 F(ertised)
-.15 E 1.759(under this domain name.)117 136.2 R 4.259(As)6.759 G 1.759
(ubtype v)-4.259 F 1.759(alue \(analogous to the `)-.25 F(`preference')
-.74 E 4.258('v)-.74 G 1.758(alue in the)-4.508 F F3(MX)4.258 E F2 .478
(record\) indicates which style of distrib)117 148.2 R .478
(uted service is pro)-.2 F .478(vided with the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.978(nn).15 G 2.978(ame. Subtype)-2.978 F(1)2.978 E .021
(indicates that the named host is an AFS \(R\) database serv)117 160.2 R
.021(er for the AFS cell of the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.521(nd).15 G
(omain)-2.521 E 2.592(name. Subtype)117 172.2 R 2.592(2i)2.592 G .092
(ndicates that the named host pro)-2.592 F .092
(vides intra-cell name service for the DCE \(R\))-.15 F 4.017
(cell named by the gi)117 184.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.516(nd).15 G 4.016
(omain name.)-6.516 F 4.016(In the e)9.016 F 4.016(xample abo)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 6.516(,j).15 G(ack)-6.516 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(toaster)1.666
E F0(.)1.666 E F2 4.016(com and)1.666 F(jill)117 196.2 Q F0(.)1.666 E F2
(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 .595
(com are declared to be AFS database serv)1.666 F .595
(ers for the toaster)-.15 F F0(.)1.666 E F2 .596(com AFS cell, so that)
1.666 F .586(AFS clients wishing service from toaster)117 208.2 R F0(.)
1.666 E F2 .586(com are directed to those tw)1.666 F 3.085(oh)-.1 G .585
(osts for further infor)-3.085 F(-)-.2 E 3.946(mation. The)117 220.2 R
1.446(third record declares that track)3.946 F(er)-.1 E F0(.)1.666 E F2
(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 1.446(com houses a directory serv)1.666
F 1.447(er for the)-.15 F .235(root of the DCE cell toaster)117 232.2 R
F0(.)1.666 E F2 .234
(com, so that DCE clients that wish to refer to DCE services should)
1.666 F .273(consult with the host track)117 244.2 R(er)-.1 E F0(.)1.666
E F2(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 .274(com for further information.)
1.666 F .274(The DCE sub-type of record)5.274 F .045
(is usually accompanied by a)117 256.2 R F3(TXT)2.545 E F2 .044
(record for other information specifying other details to be used)2.545
F 1.732(in accessing the DCE cell.)117 268.2 R 1.732
(RFC1183 contains more detailed information on the use of this)6.732 F
(record type.)117 280.2 Q(The)142 296.4 Q F3(AFSDB)2.5 E F2
(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all name serv)-.15 E
(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.5.14. PX)102 332.4 R 2.5
(-P)2.5 G(ointer to X.400/RFC822 mapping inf)-2.7 E(ormation)-.25 E F3
85.22(name {ttl})117 348.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class PX)-.2 F(pr)15.56
E 12.3(efer 822-dom)-.37 F(X.400-dom)15.56 E F2(*.ADMD-g)117 360.6 Q
(arr)-.05 E 45.44(.X42D.it. IN)-.55 F 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F 40.55
(it. ADMD-g)28.87 F(arr)-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E 105.65(*.infn.it. IN)117
372.6 R 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F 21.94(infn.it. O.PRMD-infn.ADMD-g)28.87 F
(arr)-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E 124.26(*.it. IN)117 384.6 R 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F
40.55(it. O-g)28.87 F(ate.PRMD-g)-.05 E(arr)-.05 E(.ADMD-g)-.55 E(arr)
-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E(The)142 405 Q F3(PX)4.678 E F2 2.178(records \()
4.678 F F3 -.8(Po)C 2.177(inter to X.400/RFC822 mapping information).8 F
F2 4.677(\)a)C 2.177(re used to specify)-4.677 F 1.65(address mapping rules between X.400 O/R addresses and RFC822 style \(domain-style\) mail)
117 417 R(addresses. F)117 429 Q(or a detailed description of the mapping process please refer to RFC1327.)
-.15 E(Mapping rules are of 3 dif)142 445.2 Q(ferent types:)-.25 E(1\) mapping from X.400 to RFC822 \(de\214ned as "table 1 rules" in RFC1327\))
142 461.4 Q(2\) mapping from RFC822 to X.400 \(de\214ned as "table 2 rules" in RFC1327\))
142 477.6 Q(3\) encoding RFC822 into X.400)142 493.8 Q
(\(de\214ned as "g)7.5 E(ate table" in RFC1327\))-.05 E 2.38
(All three types of mapping rules are speci\214ed using)142 510 R F3(PX)
4.88 E F2 2.38(Resource Records in DNS,)4.88 F .032(although the)117 522
R F3(name)2.532 E F2 -.25(va)2.532 G .032(lue is dif).25 F .033
(ferent: for case 1, the)-.25 F F3(name)2.533 E F2 -.25(va)2.533 G .033
(lue is an X.400 domain in DNS syn-).25 F 1.067
(tax, whereas for cases 2 and 3 the)117 534 R F3(name)3.567 E F2 -.25
(va)3.567 G 1.067(lue is an RFC822 domain. Refer to RFC-1664 for).25 F
.009(details on specifying an X.400 domain in DNS syntax and for the use of the)
117 546 R F3(X42D)2.51 E F2 -.1(ke)2.51 G(yw)-.05 E .01(ord in it.)-.1 F
-.8(To)117 558 S .248(ols are a).8 F -.25(va)-.2 G .248(ilable to con)
.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .248
(rt from RFC1327 tables format into DNS \214les syntax.).15 F F3(Pr)
5.247 E(efer)-.37 E(ence)-.37 E F2(is)2.747 E .39(analogous to the)117
570 R F3(MX)2.89 E F2 .391
(RR Preference parameter: it is currently advised to use a \214x)2.89 F
.391(ed v)-.15 F .391(alue of 50)-.25 F .004(for it.)117 582 R F3
(822-dom)2.504 E F2(gi)2.504 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(st).15 G .004
(he RFC822 part of the mapping rules, and)-2.504 F F3(X.400-dom)2.504 E
F2(gi)2.503 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.503(st).15 G .003(he X.400 part)-2.503 F
.209(of the mapping rule \(in DNS syntax\). It is currently advised al)
117 594 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .21(ys to use wildcarded).1 F F3(name)2.71 E F2
-.25(va)2.71 G(l-).25 E 1.175(ues, as the RFC1327 tables speci\214cations permit wildcard speci\214cations only)
117 606 R 3.674(.T)-.65 G 1.174(his is to k)-3.674 F(eep)-.1 E 1.105
(compatibility with e)117 618 R 1.106
(xisting services using static RFC1327 tables instead of DNS)-.15 F F3
(PX)3.606 E F2(informa-)3.606 E(tion.)117 630 Q .328(Speci\214cations of mapping rules from X.400 to RFC822 syntax requires the creation of an)
142 646.2 R 1.178
(appropriate X.400 domain tree into DNS, including thus speci\214c)117
658.2 R F3(SO)3.678 E(A)-.55 E F2(and)3.678 E F3(NS)3.678 E F2 1.178
(records for the)3.678 F 2.623(domain itself. Speci\214cation of mapping rules from RFC822 into X.400 can be embedded)
117 670.2 R .782(directly into the normal direct)117 682.2 R F3(name)
3.283 E F2 3.283(tree. Ag)3.283 F .783
(ain, refer to RFC1664 for details about or)-.05 F -.05(ga)-.18 G(niza-)
.05 E(tion of this structure.)117 694.2 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-19)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.8(To)142 96 S 1.089
(ols and library routines, based on the standard resolv).8 F 1.089
(er ones, are a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.089(ilable to retrie).25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G
(from DNS the appropriate mapping rules in RFC1327 or DNS syntax.)117
108 Q .384(Once ag)142 124.2 R .384(ain, refer to RFC1664 to use the)
-.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(PX)2.884 E F2 .384
(resource record, and be careful in coordinat-)2.884 F .74(ing the mapping information you can specify in DNS with the same information speci\214ed into)
117 136.2 R(the RFC1327 static tables.)117 148.2 Q(The)142 164.4 Q F3
(PX)2.5 E F2(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all serv)-.15 E
(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.6. Discussion)87 200.4 R
(about the TTL)2.5 E F2 1.277(The use of dif)127 216.6 R 1.277(ferent T)
-.25 F 1.277(ime T)-.35 F 3.777(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.777 H 1.277
(\214elds with in a RRset ha)4.027 F 1.577 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.277
(een deprecated and this is).15 F .612(enforced by the serv)102 228.6 R
.612(er when loading a primary zone.)-.15 F .612
(See the Security section for more discussion)5.612 F(of dif)102 240.6 Q
(fering TTLs.)-.25 E .465(The T)127 256.8 R .465(ime T)-.35 F 2.965(oL)
-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.965 H .466(assigned to the records and to the zone via the Minimum \214eld in the SO)
3.215 F(A)-.35 E .879(record is v)102 268.8 R .879
(ery important. High v)-.15 F .879(alues will lead to lo)-.25 F .879
(wer BIND netw)-.25 F .878(ork traf)-.1 F .878(\214c and f)-.25 F .878
(aster response)-.1 F 2.321(time. Lo)102 280.8 R 2.321(wer v)-.25 F
2.321(alues will tend to generate lots of requests b)-.25 F 2.322
(ut will allo)-.2 F 4.822(wf)-.25 G 2.322(aster propag)-4.922 F 2.322
(ation of)-.05 F(changes.)102 292.8 Q 1.444
(Only changes and deletions from the zone are af)127 309 R 1.444
(fected by the TTLs.)-.25 F 1.443(Additions propag)6.443 F(ate)-.05 E
(according to the Refresh v)102 321 Q(alue in the SO)-.25 E(A.)-.35 E
.141(Experience has sho)127 337.2 R .141(wn that sites use def)-.25 F
.141(ault TTLs for their zones v)-.1 F .142(arying from around 0.5 day)
-.25 F .542(to around 7 days. Y)102 349.2 R .541
(ou may wish to consider boosting the def)-1.1 F .541(ault TTL sho)-.1 F
.541(wn in former v)-.25 F .541(ersions of)-.15 F 1.912(this guide from one day \(86400 seconds\) to three days \(259200 seconds\). This will drastically)
102 361.2 R(reduce the number of requests made to your name serv)102
373.2 Q(ers.)-.15 E .92(If you need f)127 389.4 R .92(ast propag)-.1 F
.919
(ation of changes and deletions, it might be wise to reduce the Mini-)
-.05 F .328(mum \214eld a fe)102 401.4 R 2.828(wd)-.25 G .328(ays before the change, then do the modi\214cation itself and augment the TTL to its)
-2.828 F(former v)102 413.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E .646(If you kno)127 429.6 R
3.146(wt)-.25 G .646(hat your zone is pretty stable \(you mainly add ne)
-3.146 F 3.145(wr)-.25 G .645(ecords without deleting or)-3.145 F
(changing old ones\) then you may e)102 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw)
.15 G(ish to consider a TTL higher than three days.)-2.5 E .536
(Note that in an)127 457.8 R 3.036(yc)-.15 G .536(ase, it mak)-3.036 F
.537(es no sense to ha)-.1 F .837 -.15(ve r)-.2 H .537
(ecords with a TTL belo).15 F 3.037(wt)-.25 G .537(he SO)-3.037 F 3.037
(AR)-.35 G(efresh)-3.037 E(delay)102 469.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G 2.5(sD)-2.5 G
(elay is the time required for secondaries to get a cop)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)
-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ne)-2.5 E(wly modi\214ed zone.)-.25 E F0 2.5
(6.7. About)87 505.8 R -.63(``)2.5 G(secur).63 E 2.5(ez)-.18 G(ones')
-2.5 E(')-.63 E F2 .379
(Secure zones implement named security on a zone by zone basis.)127 522
R .379(It is designed to use a per)5.379 F(-)-.2 E(mission list of netw)
102 534 Q
(orks or hosts which may obtain particular information from the zone.)
-.1 E .89(In order to use zone security)127 550.2 R(,)-.65 E F3(named)
3.391 E F2 .891(must be compiled with SECURE_ZONES de\214ned and)3.391 F
.939(you must ha)102 562.2 R 1.239 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.439(tl).15 G .939
(east one secure_zone TXT RR.)-3.439 F .939(Unless a)5.939 F F3(secur)
3.439 E(e_zone)-.37 E F2 .938(record e)3.439 F .938(xists for a gi)-.15
F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .841
(zone, no restrictions will be applied to the data in that zone.)102
574.2 R .842(The format of the secure_zone TXT)5.841 F(RR is:)102 586.2
Q 33.5(secure_zone addr)102 602.4 R 33.5(-class TXT string)-.2 F 1.272
(The addr)127 618.6 R 1.272(-class may be either)-.2 F F3(HS)3.771 E F2
(or)3.771 E F3(IN)3.771 E F2 6.271(.T)C 1.271
(he syntax for the TXT string is either `)-6.271 F(`netw)-.74 E(ork)-.1
E(address:netmask')102 630.6 Q 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5(r`)-2.5 G
(`host IP address:H')-3.24 E('.)-.74 E -.74(``)127 646.8 S(netw).74 E
.032(ork address:netmask')-.1 F 2.532('a)-.74 G(llo)-2.532 E .032
(ws queries from an entire netw)-.25 F 2.533(ork. If)-.1 F .033
(the netmask is omitted,)2.533 F(named will use the def)102 658.8 Q
(ault netmask for the netw)-.1 E(ork address speci\214ed.)-.1 E -.74(``)
127 675 S .419(host IP address:H').74 F 2.918('a)-.74 G(llo)-2.918 E
.418(ws queries from a host.)-.25 F .418(The `)5.418 F(`H')-.74 E 2.918
('a)-.74 G .418(fter the `)-2.918 F(`:')-.74 E 2.918('i)-.74 G 2.918(sr)
-2.918 G .418(equired to dif)-2.918 F(fer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E .217
(entiate the host address from a netw)102 687 R .217(ork address.)-.1 F
.218(Multiple secure_zone TXT RRs are allo)5.217 F .218(wed in the)-.25
F(same zone \214le.)102 699 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-20 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
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SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.15(Fo)127 96 S 2.972(re).15 G
.472(xample, you can set up a zone to only answer Hesiod requests from the mask)
-3.122 F .471(ed class B)-.1 F(netw)102 108 Q
(ork 130.215.0.0 and from host 128.23.10.56 by adding the follo)-.1 E
(wing tw)-.25 E 2.5(oT)-.1 G(XT RR')-2.5 E(s:)-.55 E 33.5
(secure_zone HS TXT `)102 124.2 R(`130.215.0.0:255.255.0.0')-.74 E(')
-.74 E 33.5(secure_zone HS TXT `)102 136.2 R(`128.23.10.56:H')-.74 E(')
-.74 E .866
(This feature can be used to restrict access to a Hesiod passw)127 152.4
R .866(ord map or to separate internal)-.1 F 1.493(and e)102 164.4 R
1.493(xternal internet address resolution on a \214re)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25
G 1.494(ll machine without needing to run a separate).1 F
(named for internal and e)102 176.4 Q(xternal address resolution.)-.15 E
1.065(Note that you will need to include your loopback interf)127 192.6
R 1.064(ace \(127.0.0.1\) in your secure_zone)-.1 F
(record, or your local clients w)102 204.6 Q(on')-.1 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5
(ea)-2.5 G(ble to resolv)-2.5 E 2.5(en)-.15 G(ames.)-2.5 E F0 2.5
(6.8. About)87 240.6 R(Hesiod, and HS-class Resour)2.5 E(ce Records)-.18
E F2 1.536(Hesiod, de)127 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.536(loped by).15 F/F3
9/Times-Roman@0 SF(MIT)4.036 E F2 1.537
(Project Athena, is an information service b)4.036 F 1.537(uilt upon)-.2
F F3(BIND)4.037 E F2 6.537(.I)C(ts)-6.537 E .307
(intent is similar to that of Sun')102 268.8 R(s)-.55 E F3(NIS)2.807 E
F2 2.806(:t)C 2.806(of)-2.806 G .306
(urnish information about users, groups, netw)-2.806 F(ork-accessible)
-.1 E 1.549(\214le systems, printcaps, and mail service throughout an installation.)
102 280.8 R 1.55(Aside from its use of)6.55 F F3(BIND)4.05 E F2 .057
(rather than separate serv)102 292.8 R .057
(er code another important dif)-.15 F .056(ference between Hesiod and)
-.25 F F3(NIS)2.556 E F2 .056(is that Hesiod)2.556 F .892
(is not intended to deal with passw)102 304.8 R .892
(ords and authentication, b)-.1 F .893
(ut only with data that are not security)-.2 F(sensiti)102 316.8 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 5.623(.H).15 G .623(esiod serv)-5.623 F .623
(ers can be implemented by adding resource records to)-.15 F F3(BIND)
3.122 E F2(serv)3.122 E .622(ers; or the)-.15 F(y)-.15 E
(can be implemented as separate serv)102 328.8 Q
(ers separately administered.)-.15 E 3.503 -.8(To l)127 345 T 1.903
(earn about and obtain Hesiod mak).8 F 4.403(ea)-.1 G 4.403(na)-4.403 G
(non)-4.403 E(ymous)-.15 E F3(FTP)4.403 E F2 1.903(connection to host)
4.403 F F3 -.999(AT)4.404 G(HEN).999 E(A-)-.315 E(DIST)102 357 Q(.MIT)
-.666 E(.EDU)-.666 E F2 .304(and retrie)2.804 F .604 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
.304(he compressed tar \214le).15 F F0(/pub/A)2.804 E(THEN)-.95 E
(A/hesiod.tar)-.2 E(.Z)-1 E F2 5.304(.Y)C .303(ou will not need)-6.404 F
1.104(the named and resolv)102 369 R 1.105
(er library portions of the distrib)-.15 F 1.105
(ution because their functionality has already)-.2 F .225(been inte)102
381 R .225(grated into)-.15 F F3 .225(BIND as of 4.9)2.725 F F2 5.225
(.T)C 2.725(ol)-6.025 G .225(earn ho)-2.725 F 2.725(wH)-.25 G .224
(esiod functions as part of the Athena computing)-2.725 F(en)102 393 Q
3.091(vironment obtain the paper)-.4 F F0(/pub/A)5.592 E(THEN)-.95 E
(A/usenix/athena-changes.PS)-.2 E F2 3.092(from the abo)5.592 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G F3(FTP)5.742 E F2(serv)102 405 Q(er host.)-.15 E
(There is also a tar \214le of sample Hesiod resource \214les.)5 E .471
(Whether one should use Hesiod class is open to question, since the same services can proba-)
127 421.2 R .985(bly be pro)102 433.2 R .985
(vided with class IN, type TXT and type CN)-.15 F .985(AME records.)-.35
F .986(In either case, the code and)5.985 F
(documents for Hesiod will suggest ho)102 445.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(os)
-2.5 G(et up and use the service.)-2.5 E .74(Note that while)127 461.4 R
F3(BIND)3.24 E F2 .74(includes support for)3.24 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(HS)3.24 E F2 .739(-class queries, the zone transfer logic for non-)B
F4(IN)102 473.4 Q F2(-class zones is still e)A(xperimental.)-.15 E F0
2.5(6.9. Sample)87 509.4 R(Files)2.5 E F2 1.099(The follo)127 525.6 R
1.099(wing section contains sample \214les for the name serv)-.25 F(er)
-.15 E 6.099(.T)-.55 G 1.1(his co)-6.099 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.1(rs e).15 F
1.1(xample boot)-.15 F(\214les for the dif)102 537.6 Q
(ferent types of serv)-.25 E(ers and e)-.15 E
(xample domain data base \214les.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.9.1. Boot)102 561.6 R
(Files)2.5 E 2.5(6.9.1.1. Primary)117 585.6 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r)
.1 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
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(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-21)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)132 100.2 Q 2.5(;B)
132 112.2 S(oot \214le for Primary Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132
124.2 Q 2.5(;t)132 144.6 S 26.1(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)
71.66 E(;)132 156.6 Q 12.5(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 168.6 R
16.94(primary Berk)132 180.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2 44.7
(Edu ucbhosts)B 16.94(primary 32)132 192.6 R F0(.)A F2(128)A F0(.)A F2
(in-addr)A F0(.)A F2 20.57(arpa ucbhosts)B F0(.)A F2(re)A(v)-.25 E 16.94
(primary 0)132 204.6 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A
F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A(cache)132 216.6 Q F0(.)
28.34 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A F0 2.5(6.9.1.2. Secondary)117
249 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2(;)132 269.4 Q 2.5(;B)132 281.4 S
(oot \214le for Secondary Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132 293.4 Q 2.5
(;t)132 313.8 S 30.54(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)71.66 E(;)
132 325.8 Q 16.94(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 337.8 R 12.5
(secondary Berk)132 349.8 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2 44.7(Edu 128)B
F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2 2.5(41)C(28)-2.5 E F0(.)A F2(32)A
F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10 ucbhosts.bak)A 12.5(secondary 32)132 361.8 R
F0(.)A F2(128)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A F0(.)A F2 20.57(arpa 128)B F0(.)A F2
(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2 2.5(41)C(28)-2.5 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A
F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10 ucbhosts.re)A -.65(v.)-.25 G(bak).65 E 21.38
(primary 0)132 373.8 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A
F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A(cache)132 385.8 Q F0(.)
32.78 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A F0 2.5(6.9.1.3. Caching)117
418.2 R(Only Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2(;)132 438.6 Q 2.5(;B)132
450.6 S(oot \214le for Caching Only Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132
462.6 Q 2.5(;t)132 483 S 26.1(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)
71.66 E(;)132 495 Q 12.5(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 507 R(cache)
132 519 Q F0(.)28.34 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A 16.94
(primary 0)132 531 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A
F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A F0 2.5(6.9.2. Remote)102
587.4 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(r/D).1 G(NS Client)-2.5 E 2.5
(6.9.2.1. /etc/r)117 611.4 R(esolv)-.18 E(.conf)-.7 E F2(domain Berk)132
639.6 Q(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A(nameserv)132 651.6 Q(er 128)
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(er 128)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10)A
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-22 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
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/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)117 124.2 Q 17.5(;T)117 136.2 S
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(;\()117 160.2 S(e.g. reference this \214le in the "cache)-17.5 E 5(.<)5
G(\214le>")-5 E 17.5(;c)117 172.2 S
(on\214guration \214le of BIND domain name serv)-17.5 E(ers\).)-.15 E(;)
117 184.2 Q 17.5(;T)117 196.2 S(his \214le is made a)-17.5 E -.25(va)-.2
G(ilable by InterNIC re).25 E(gistration services)-.15 E 17.5(;u)117
208.2 S(nder anon)-17.5 E(ymous FTP as)-.15 E 27.5<3b8c>117 220.2 S 37.5
(le /domain/named.root)-27.5 F 27.5(;o)117 232.2 S 2.5(ns)-27.5 G(erv)
-2.5 E 25(er FTP)-.15 F(.RS.INTERNIC.NET)-1.11 E 17.5(;-)117 244.2 S
(OR- under Gopher at)-17.5 E(RS.INTERNIC.NET)10 E 27.5(;u)117 256.2 S
(nder menu)-27.5 E(InterNIC Re)25 E(gistration Services \(NSI\))-.15 E
35(;s)117 268.2 S 22.5(ubmenu InterNIC)-35 F(Re)2.5 E(gistration Archi)
-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E 27.5<3b8c>117 280.2 S 37.5(le named.root)
-27.5 F(;)117 292.2 Q 17.5(;l)117 304.2 S(ast update:)-17.5 E
(Oct 5, 1994)10 E 17.5(;r)117 316.2 S(elated v)-17.5 E
(ersion of root zone:)-.15 E(1994100500)7.5 E(;)117 328.2 Q F0(.)117
344.4 Q F2 12.5(604800 IN NS NS)110.28 F F0(.)A F2(INTERNIC)A F0(.)A F2
(NET)A F0(.)A F2(NS)117 356.4 Q F0(.)A F2(INTERNIC)A F0(.)A F2(NET)A F0
(.)A F2 12.5(604800 IN A)26.4 F(198)20.56 E F0(.)A F2(41)A F0(.)A F2(0)A
F0(.)A F2(4)A F0(.)117 368.4 Q F2 12.5(604800 IN NS NS1)110.28 F F0(.)A
F2(ISI)A F0(.)A F2(EDU)A F0(.)A F2(NS1)117 380.4 Q F0(.)A F2(ISI)A F0(.)
A F2(EDU)A F0(.)A F2 12.5(604800 IN A)54.73 F(128)20.56 E F0(.)A F2(9)A
F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(107)A F0(.)117 392.4 Q F2 12.5(604800 IN NS C)
110.28 F F0(.)A F2(PSI)A F0(.)A F2(NET)A F0(.)A F2(C)117 404.4 Q F0(.)A
F2(PSI)A F0(.)A F2(NET)A F0(.)A F2 12.5(604800 IN A)64.72 F(192)20.56 E
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(604800 IN A)36.95 F(128)20.56 E F0(.)A F2(8)A F0(.)A F2(10)A F0(.)A F2
(90)A F0(.)117 440.4 Q F2 12.5(604800 IN NS NS)110.28 F F0(.)A F2 -.35
(NA)C(SA).35 E F0(.)A F2(GO)A(V)-.5 E F0(.)A F2(NS)117 452.4 Q F0(.)A F2
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(604800 IN A)229.78 464.4 R(192)20.56 E F0(.)A F2(52)A F0(.)A F2(195)A
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F2(ISC)A F0(.)A F2(ORG)A F0(.)A F2(NS)117 488.4 Q F0(.)A F2(ISC)A F0(.)A
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110.28 F F0(.)A F2(NIC)A F0(.)A F2(DDN)A F0(.)A F2(MIL)A F0(.)A F2(NS)
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-23)A 2.5(6.9.4. named.local)102 96 R/F2 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF 15(@I)117 128.4 S 15(NS)-15 G 13.2 -.35(OA u)-15 H(cb)
.35 E -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A
F2 12.5(Edu. kjd)B F0(.)A F2(ucb)A -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2
(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(\()2.5 E 50.44
(1994072100 ;)201.41 140.4 R(Serial)2.5 E 75.44(10800 ;)201.41 152.4 R
(Refresh)2.5 E 80.44(1800 ;)201.41 164.4 R(Retry)2.5 E 65.44(3600000 ;)
201.41 176.4 R(Expire)2.5 E(259200 \))201.41 188.4 Q 2.5(;M)67.11 G
(inimum)-2.5 E 12.5(IN NS)141.21 200.4 R(ucb)21.87 E -.25(va)-.15 G(x)
.25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2 2.5
(;p)15 G(edantic)-2.5 E 19.21(1I)117 212.4 S 15(NP)-19.21 G 13.81
(TR localhost)-15 F F0(.)A 2.5(6.9.5. host.r)102 244.8 R -.15(ev)-.18 G
F2(;)117 273 Q 10(;@)117 285 S(\(#\)ucb-hosts.re)-10 E 10(v1)-.25 G 7.5
(.1 \(Berk)-10 F(ele)-.1 E 7.5(y\) 86/02/05)-.15 F(;)117 297 Q 28.29(@I)
117 313.2 S 15(NS)-28.29 G 13.2 -.35(OA u)-15 H(cb).35 E -.25(va)-.15 G
(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2
(kjd)15 E F0(.)A F2(monet)A F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A
F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(\()2.5 E 50.44(1986020501 ;)214.7 325.2 R(Serial)2.5
E 75.44(10800 ;)214.7 337.2 R(Refresh)2.5 E 80.44(1800 ;)214.7 349.2 R
(Retry)2.5 E 65.44(3600000 ;)214.7 361.2 R(Expire)2.5 E(259200 \))214.7
373.2 Q 2.5(;M)67.11 G(inimum)-2.5 E 12.5(IN NS)154.5 385.2 R(ucbarpa)
21.87 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2
12.5(IN NS)154.5 397.2 R(ucb)21.87 E -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2
(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(0)117 409.2 Q F0(.)
A F2 25(0I)C 15(NP)-25 G 13.81(TR Berk)-15 F(ele)-.1 E(y-net)-.15 E F0
(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(EDU)A F0(.)A F2 12.5(IN A)
154.5 421.2 R(255)27.43 E F0(.)A F2(255)A F0(.)A F2(255)A F0(.)A F2(0)A
(0)117 433.2 Q F0(.)A F2 12.5(130 IN PTR)B(csdi)16.31 E(v-net)-.25 E F0
(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(EDU)A F0(.)A F2(4)117 445.2
Q F0(.)A F2 25(0I)C 15(NP)-25 G 13.81(TR ucbarpa)-15 F F0(.)A F2(Berk)A
(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(6)117 457.2 Q F0(.)A F2 25
(0I)C 15(NP)-25 G 13.81(TR ernie)-15 F F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15
E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(7)117 469.2 Q F0(.)A F2 25(0I)C 15(NP)-25 G
13.81(TR monet)-15 F F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A
F0(.)A F2(10)117 481.2 Q F0(.)A F2 20(0I)C 15(NP)-20 G 13.81(TR ucb)-15
F -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2
(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(6)117 493.2 Q F0(.)A F2 12.5(130 IN PTR)B(monet)16.31 E
F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A 2.5
(6.9.6. Hosts)102 525.6 R EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-24 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)117 96 Q 10(;@)117 108 S 7.5
(\(#\)ucb-hosts 1.2 \(berk)-10 F(ele)-.1 E 7.5(y\) 88/02/05)-.15 F(;)117
120 Q 45.23(@I)117 136.2 S 15(NS)-45.23 G 29.31 -.35(OA u)-15 H(cb).35 E
-.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2
(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(kjd)48.375 E F0(.)A F2(monet)A F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1
E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(\()2.5 E 83.815(1988020501 ;)247.75
148.2 R(Serial)2.5 E 108.815(10800 ;)247.75 160.2 R(Refresh)2.5 E
113.815(1800 ;)247.75 172.2 R(Retry)2.5 E 98.815(3600000 ;)247.75 184.2
R(Expire)2.5 E(259200 \))247.75 196.2 Q 2.5(;M)100.485 G(inimum)-2.5 E
12.5(IN NS)171.44 208.2 R(ucbarpa)37.98 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)
-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2 12.5(IN NS)171.44 220.2 R(ucb)37.98 E
-.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2
(Edu)A F0(.)A F2 15.83(localhost IN)117 232.2 R 43.54(A1)15 G(27)-43.54
E F0(.)A F2(1)A 2.5(;n)247.75 244.2 S
(ote that 127.1 is the same as 127.0.0.1; see inet\(3n\))-2.5 E 20.29
(ucbarpa IN)117 256.2 R 43.54(A1)15 G(28)-43.54 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A
F2(4)A 12.5(IN A)171.44 268.2 R(10)43.54 E F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(0)A
F0(.)A F2(78)A 12.5(IN HINFO)171.44 280.2 R -1.35(VA)20.21 G
(X-11/780 UNIX)1.35 E 34.73(arpa IN)117 292.2 R(CN)15 E 12.5
(AME ucbarpa)-.35 F 31.95(ernie IN)117 304.2 R 43.54(A1)15 G(28)-43.54 E
F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(6)A 12.5(IN HINFO)171.44 316.2 R -1.35(VA)20.21
G(X-11/780 UNIX)1.35 E 17.51(ucbernie IN)117 328.2 R(CN)15 E 12.5
(AME ernie)-.35 F 26.94(monet IN)117 340.2 R 43.54(A1)15 G(28)-43.54 E
F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(7)A 12.5(IN A)171.44 352.2 R(128)43.54 E F0(.)A
F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(130)A F0(.)A F2(6)A 12.5(IN HINFO)171.44 364.2 R -1.35
(VA)20.21 G(X-11/750 UNIX)1.35 E 12.5(ucbmonet IN CN)117 376.2 R 12.5
(AME monet)-.35 F(ucb)117 388.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 25.96(xI).25 G 11.04 15
(NA 1)-25.96 H(0)-15 E F0(.)A F2(2)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(78)A 2.5
(;1)247.75 400.2 S(28.32.10 means 128.32.0.10; see inet\(3n\))-2.5 E
12.5(IN A)171.44 412.2 R(128)43.54 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(10)A 2.5
(;H)247.75 424.2 S(INFO and WKS are widely unused,)-2.5 E 2.5(;b)247.75
436.2 S(ut we')-2.7 E(ll sho)-.1 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(hem as e)-2.5 E
(xamples.)-.15 E 12.5(IN HINFO)171.44 448.2 R -1.35(VA)20.21 G
(X-11/750 UNIX)1.35 E 12.5(IN WKS)171.44 460.2 R
(128.32.0.10 TCP \( echo telnet)28.54 E(discard sunrpc sftp)247.75 472.2
Q(uucp-path systat daytime)247.75 484.2 Q(netstat qotd nntp)247.75 496.2
Q(link char)247.75 508.2 Q(gen ftp)-.18 E(auth time whhois mtp)247.75
520.2 Q(pop rje \214nger smtp)247.75 532.2 Q(supdup hostnames)247.75
544.2 Q(domain)247.75 556.2 Q(nameserv)247.75 568.2 Q(er \))-.15 E -.25
(va)117 580.2 S 40.25(xI).25 G 15(NC)-40.25 G -.35(NA)-15 G 12.5(ME ucb)
.35 F -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E(to)117 592.2 Q 24.26(ybox IN)-.1 F 43.54
(A1)15 G(28)-43.54 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(131)A F0(.)A F2(119)A 12.5
(IN HINFO)171.44 604.2 R(Pro350 R)20.21 E(T11)-.6 E(to)117 616.2 Q 24.26
(ybox IN)-.1 F 32.15(MX 0)15 F(monet.Berk)5 E(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G
(Edu.).65 E(csr)117 628.2 Q 37.96(gI)-.18 G 15(NM)-37.96 G 34.65(X0)-15
G(Ralph.CS)-32.15 E 12.5(IN MX)171.44 640.2 R 2.5(0Z)34.65 G(hou.CS)-2.5
E 12.5(IN MX)171.44 652.2 R 2.5(0P)34.65 G(ainter)-2.65 E(.CS)-.55 E
12.5(IN MX)171.44 664.2 R 2.5(0R)34.65 G(iggle.CS)-2.5 E 12.5(IN MX)
171.44 676.2 R 2.5(0T)34.65 G(erry)-3.2 E(.CS)-.65 E 12.5(IN MX)171.44
688.2 R 2.5(0K)34.65 G -.25(ev)-2.75 G(in.CS).25 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-25)A 2.5(7. Setting)72 96 R(up Y)2.5 E
(our Own Domain)-1.11 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .86
(When setting up a domain that is going to be on a public netw)112 112.2
R .86(ork the site administrator should)-.1 F .375(contact the or)87
124.2 R -.05(ga)-.18 G .375(nization in char).05 F .375(ge of the netw)
-.18 F .375(ork and request the appropriate domain re)-.1 F .375
(gistration form.)-.15 F 1.053(An or)87 136.2 R -.05(ga)-.18 G 1.053
(nization that belongs to multiple netw).05 F 1.053(orks \(such as the)
-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Internet)3.553 E F2(and)3.553 E F3(BITNET)
3.553 E F2 3.552(\)s)C 1.052(hould re)-3.552 F(gister)-.15 E
(with only one netw)87 148.2 Q(ork.)-.1 E F0 2.5(7.1. Inter)87 172.2 R
(net)-.15 E F2 .091(Sites on the Internet who need information on setting up a domain should contact the re)
127 188.4 R(gistrar)-.15 E(for their netw)102 200.4 Q
(ork, which is one of the follo)-.1 E(wing:)-.25 E(MILnet)102 216.6 Q/F4
9/Times-Roman@0 SF(HOSTMASTER)15 E F2(@)A F4(NIC)A F0(.)1.666 E F4(DDN)
1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F4(MIL)1.666 E F2(other)102 228.6 Q F4(HOSTMASTER)
25 E F2(@)A F4(INTERNIC)A F0(.)1.666 E F4(NET)1.666 E F2 -1.1(Yo)102
244.8 S 3.16(um)1.1 G .66(ay also w)-3.16 F .659
(ant to be placed on the)-.1 F F4(BIND)3.159 E F2 .659
(mailing list, which is a mail group for people on the)3.159 F 1.532
(Internet who run)102 256.8 R F4(BIND)4.033 E F2 6.533(.T)C 1.533
(he group discusses future design decisions, operational problems, and)
-6.533 F(other related topic.)102 268.8 Q
(The address to request being placed on this mailing list is:)5 E F3
(bind-r)152 285 Q -.834(equest @ uunet)-.37 F F0(.)1.666 E F3(uu)1.666 E
F0(.)1.666 E F3(net)1.666 E F0 2.5(7.2. Subdomains)87 313.2 R
(of Existing Domains)2.5 E F2 .715(If you w)127 329.4 R .715
(ant a subdomain of some e)-.1 F .715
(xisting domain, you should \214nd the contact point for the)-.15 F .77
(parent domain rather than asking one of the abo)102 341.4 R 1.07 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H(op-le).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.27(lr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.27 G
3.27(istrars. There).15 F .77(should be a con)3.27 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(n-)
.15 E .715(tion that)102 353.4 R F0 -.18(re)3.215 G(gistrar).18 E F2(@)A
F3(domain)A F2(or)3.215 E F0(hostmaster)3.215 E F2(@)A F3(domain)A F2
.715(for an)3.215 F 3.215(yg)-.15 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.215 H 3.215(nd)
.25 G .714(omain will al)-3.215 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .714(ys be an alias).1 F
1.08(for that domain')102 365.4 R 3.58(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-3.58 G 1.08
(istrar \(some).15 F 1.08(what analogous to)-.25 F F0(postmaster)3.58 E
F2 1.08(\), b)B 1.08(ut there is no such con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(ntion.)
.15 E -.35(Tr)102 377.4 S 2.957(yi).35 G 2.957(ta)-2.957 G 2.957(sal)
-2.957 G .457(ast resort, b)-2.957 F .457(ut \214rst you should e)-.2 F
.456(xamine the)-.15 F F3(SO)2.956 E(A)-.55 E F2 .456
(record for the domain and send mail to)2.956 F(the `)102 389.4 Q
(`responsible person')-.74 E 2.5('s)-.74 G(ho)-2.5 E(wn therein.)-.25 E
-1.1(Yo)5 G 2.5(uc)1.1 G(an also try)-2.5 E F3(whois)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5
(8. Domain)72 425.4 R(Management)2.5 E F2
(This section contains information for starting, controlling and deb)112
441.6 Q(ugging)-.2 E F3(named)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(8.1. /etc/r)87 465.6 R
(c.local)-.18 E F2 .369
(The hostname should be set to the full domain style name in)127 481.8 R
F3(/etc/r)2.87 E(c.local)-.37 E F2(using)2.87 E F3 -.834(hostname \(1\))
2.87 F F2(.)A(The follo)102 493.8 Q(wing entry should be added to)-.25 E
F3(/etc/r)2.5 E(c.local)-.37 E F2(to start up)2.5 E F3(named)2.5 E F2
(at system boot time:)2.5 E F3(if [ -f /usr/sbin/named ]; then)152 510 Q
(/usr/sbin/named)162 522 Q F2([options])2.5 E F3 2.5(&e)2.5 G -.15(ch)
-2.5 G 2.5(o-).15 G 2.5(n'n)-2.5 G 2.5(amed' >/de)-2.5 F(v/console)-.15
E<8c>152 534 Q F2 .583(This usually directly follo)102 550.2 R .583
(ws the lines that start)-.25 F F3(syslo)3.083 E(gd)-.1 E F2(.)A F0 .582
(Do Not)5.582 F F2 .582(attempt to run)3.082 F F3(named)3.082 E F2(from)
3.082 E F3(inetd)3.082 E F2(.)A
(This will continuously restart the name serv)102 562.2 Q
(er and defeat the purpose of the cache.)-.15 E F0 2.5(8.2. /v)87 586.2
R(ar/run/named.pid)-.1 E F2(When)127 602.4 Q F3(named)2.605 E F2 .105
(is successfully started up it writes its process id into the \214le)
2.605 F F3(/var/run/named.pid)2.605 E F2(.)A .113
(This is useful to programs that w)102 614.4 R .113
(ant to send signals to)-.1 F F3(named)2.613 E F2 2.613(.T)C .112
(he name of this \214le may be changed)-2.613 F(by de\214ning)102 626.4
Q F3(PIDFILE)2.5 E F2(to the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wn)-.25 G(ame when compiling)
-2.5 E F3(named)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(8.3. /etc/hosts)87 650.4 R F2(The)
127 666.6 Q F3 -.1(ge)4.281 G -.834(thostbyname \(\)).1 F F2 1.781
(library call can detect if)4.281 F F3(named)4.282 E F2 1.782
(is running.)4.282 F 1.782(If it is determined that)6.782 F F3(named)102
678.6 Q F2 .109(is not running it will look in)2.609 F F3(/etc/hosts)
2.609 E F2 .109(to resolv)2.609 F 2.609(ea)-.15 G 2.609(na)-2.609 G
2.609(ddress. This)-2.609 F .109(option w)2.609 F .108(as added to allo)
-.1 F(w)-.25 E F3 -.834(ifcon\214g \(8C\))102 690.6 R F2 .016
(to con\214gure the machines local interf)2.516 F .016
(aces and to enable a system manager to access the)-.1 F(netw)102 702.6
Q .41(ork while the system is in single user mode.)-.1 F .41
(It is advisable to put the local machines interf)5.41 F(ace)-.1 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-26 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .651
(addresses and a couple of machine names and address in)102 96 R/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)3.151 E F2 .652
(so the system manager can rcp)3.151 F .071
(\214les from another machine when the system is in single user mode.)
102 108 R .071(The format of)5.071 F F3(/etc/hosts)2.571 E F2 .071
(has not)2.571 F .045(changed. See)102 120 R F3 -.834(hosts \(5\))2.545
F F2 .045(for more information.)2.545 F .045
(Since the process of reading)5.045 F F3(/etc/hosts)2.545 E F2 .046
(is slo)2.545 F 1.346 -.65(w, i)-.25 H 2.546(ti).65 G 2.546(sn)-2.546 G
(ot)-2.546 E
(advisable to use this option when the system is in multi user mode.)102
132 Q F0 2.5(8.4. Signals)87 168 R F2 1.163(There are se)127 184.2 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.163(ral signals that can be sent to the).15 F F3(named)
3.662 E F2 1.162(process to ha)3.662 F 1.462 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 3.662(td)
.15 G 3.662(ot)-3.662 G 1.162(asks without)-3.662 F
(restarting the process.)102 196.2 Q F0 2.5(8.4.1. Reload)102 220.2 R F2
1.782(SIGHUP - Causes)142 236.4 R F3(named)4.282 E F2 1.782(to read)
4.282 F F3(named.boot)4.282 E F2 1.782(and reload the database.)4.282 F
1.783(This is useful)6.783 F .218(when you ha)117 248.4 R .517 -.15
(ve m)-.2 H .217(ade a change to a `).15 F(`primary')-.74 E 2.717('d)
-.74 G .217(ata \214le and you w)-2.717 F(ant)-.1 E F3(named)2.717 E F2
1.317 -.55('s i)1.666 H .217(nternal database).55 F .685
(to re\215ect the change.)117 260.4 R .686(If you b)5.685 F(uild)-.2 E
/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)3.186 E F2 .686(with the)3.186 F F4
(FORCED_RELO)3.186 E(AD)-.315 E F2 .686(option, then)3.186 F F4(SIGHUP)
3.186 E F2(also)3.186 E .724(has the ef)117 272.4 R .723
(fect of scheduling all `)-.25 F(`secondary')-.74 E 3.223('z)-.74 G .723
(ones for serial-number checks, which could lead)-3.223 F .524
(to zone transfers ahead of the usual schedule.)117 284.4 R .525
(Normally serial-number compares are done only)5.525 F(at the interv)117
296.4 Q(als speci\214ed in the zone')-.25 E(s)-.55 E F4(SO)2.5 E(A)-.315
E F2(record.)2.5 E F0 2.5(8.4.2. Deb)102 320.4 R(ugging)-.2 E F2(When)
142 336.6 Q F3(named)4.314 E F2 1.814(is running incorrectly)4.314 F
4.313(,l)-.65 G 1.813(ook \214rst in)-4.313 F F3(/var/lo)4.313 E
(g/messa)-.1 E -.1(ge)-.1 G(s).1 E F2 1.813(and check for an)4.313 F(y)
-.15 E .804(messages logged by)117 348.6 R F3(syslo)3.304 E(g)-.1 E F2
5.804(.N)C -.15(ex)-5.804 G 3.304(ts).15 G .804
(end it a signal to see what is happening.)-3.304 F .805
(Unless you run it)5.804 F 1.827(with the `)117 360.6 R(`-d')-.74 E
4.327('o)-.74 G(ption,)-4.327 E F3(named)4.327 E F2 1.827(has v)4.327 F
1.827(ery little to say on its standard output or standard error)-.15 F
(.)-.55 E(Ev)117 372.6 Q(erything)-.15 E F3(named)2.5 E F2(has to say)
2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ays to)-2.5 E F3(syslo)2.5 E(g)-.1 E
F2(.)A 2.612(SIGINT - Dumps the current data base and cache to)142 388.8
R F3(/var/tmp/named_dump.db)5.112 E F2(This)5.112 E .792(should gi)117
400.8 R 1.092 -.15(ve y)-.25 H .792
(ou an indication to whether the data base w).15 F .792
(as loaded correctly)-.1 F 5.792(.T)-.65 G .791(he name of the)-5.792 F
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2.098 -.8(To r)117 593.4 T .498
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F .293(er called)-.15 F F3(named)2.793 E F2 5.292(.T)C(his)-5.292 E .066
(is a daemon that runs in the background and services queries on a gi)87
721.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(nn).15 G(etw)-2.566 E .066
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(for UDP and TCP is speci\214ed in)87 96 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
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(uild the C library to use the name serv)-.2 F(er)-.15 E(resolv)102
148.2 Q .415(er routines or use the host table lookup routines to do host name and address resolution.)
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(\(3N\),)1.666 E F3 -.1(ge)102 212.4 S(thostbyaddr).1 E F2 6.986
(\(3N\), and)1.666 F F3(sethostent)9.486 E F2 6.986
(\(3N\) do their functions.)1.666 F 6.987(The name serv)11.987 F 6.987
(er renders)-.15 F F3 -.1(ge)102 224.4 S(thostent).1 E F2 .684
(\(3N\) obsolete, since it has no concept of a ne)1.666 F .683
(xt line in the database.)-.15 F .683(These library calls)5.683 F(are b)
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(the rest of the 4.3BSD system.)102 304.8 R -.15(Fo)5.733 G 3.233(rm).15
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3.539 F(endor')-.15 E(s)-.55 E F3 -.37(re)3.539 G(solver).37 E F2 1.099
(may be out of date with respect to the one shipped with)102 369 R/F4 9
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('s r)D(esolv).55 E .844
(er library and install it, and its include \214les, into your system')
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393 Q(wn netw)-.25 E(ork applications will be able to use the ne)-.1 E
(wer features.)-.25 E .32 LW 76 680.4 72 680.4 DL 80 680.4 76 680.4 DL
84 680.4 80 680.4 DL 88 680.4 84 680.4 DL 92 680.4 88 680.4 DL 96 680.4
92 680.4 DL 100 680.4 96 680.4 DL 104 680.4 100 680.4 DL 108 680.4 104
680.4 DL 112 680.4 108 680.4 DL 116 680.4 112 680.4 DL 120 680.4 116
680.4 DL 124 680.4 120 680.4 DL 128 680.4 124 680.4 DL 132 680.4 128
680.4 DL 136 680.4 132 680.4 DL 140 680.4 136 680.4 DL 144 680.4 140
680.4 DL 148 680.4 144 680.4 DL 152 680.4 148 680.4 DL 156 680.4 152
680.4 DL 160 680.4 156 680.4 DL 164 680.4 160 680.4 DL 168 680.4 164
680.4 DL 172 680.4 168 680.4 DL 176 680.4 172 680.4 DL 180 680.4 176
680.4 DL 184 680.4 180 680.4 DL 188 680.4 184 680.4 DL 192 680.4 188
680.4 DL 196 680.4 192 680.4 DL 200 680.4 196 680.4 DL 204 680.4 200
680.4 DL 208 680.4 204 680.4 DL 212 680.4 208 680.4 DL 216 680.4 212
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-28 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
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SF(BIND)2.5 E F0 -.55(AC)212.13 96 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 4.9.3)
-.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(The)97 112.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(<bind-work)3.459 E(er)-.1 E(s@vix.com>)-.1 E F2 .959(mailing list w)
3.459 F .959(as once ag)-.1 F .958(ain of great help; this release w)
-.05 F .958(ould not be)-.1 F .251
(nearly as ready for prime time if not for their ef)72 124.2 R 2.752
(forts. Special)-.25 F .252(commendations are o)2.752 F .252
(wed to Robert Elz, Don)-.25 F("T)72 136.2 Q(ruck" Le)-.35 E
(wis, Bob Halle)-.25 E 1.3 -.65(y, M)-.15 H(ark Andre).65 E
(ws, Berthold P)-.25 E(af)-.15 E(frath, Ruediger V)-.25 E
(olk, and Peter K)-1.29 E(och.)-.35 E .788
(Digital Equipment Corporation, He)97 152.4 R .787(wlett P)-.25 F .787
(ackard, Silicon Graphics, and SunSoft all made hardw)-.15 F(are)-.1 E
-.2(av)72 164.4 S 1.156(ailable for inte)-.05 F 1.156
(gration testing; this made the release f)-.15 F 1.156
(ar more solid than it w)-.1 F 1.157(ould otherwise ha)-.1 F 1.457 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H(een.).15 E .687(More hardw)72 176.4 R .687
(are loans are welcome \212 if you are a system v)-.1 F .686
(endor and you w)-.15 F .686(ould lik)-.1 F(e)-.1 E/F4 8/Times-Roman@0
SF(BIND)3.186 E F2 .686(to run `)3.186 F .686(`out of)-.74 F .455
(the box')72 188.4 R 2.955('o)-.74 G 2.955(ny)-2.955 G .455
(our platform and are willing to lend some rusty old hardw)-2.955 F .456
(are for the purpose, please contact)-.1 F(me \()72 200.4 Q F3
(<paul@vix.or)A(g>)-.37 E F2 2.5(\)t)C 2.5(om)-2.5 G(ak)-2.5 E 2.5(et)
-.1 G(he arrangements.)-2.5 E 4.346
(Special thanks to the Internet Softw)97 216.6 R 4.346
(are Consortium for funding this w)-.1 F 6.845(ork. Contact)-.1 F F3
(<isc-)6.845 E(info@isc.or)72 228.6 Q(g>)-.37 E F2 .971(if your or)3.471
F -.05(ga)-.18 G .972(nization w).05 F .972(ould lik)-.1 F 3.472(et)-.1
G 3.472(op)-3.472 G .972(articipate in funding future releases of)-3.472
F F4(BIND)3.472 E F2 .972(and other)3.472 F(freely redistrib)72 240.6 Q
(utable softw)-.2 E(are packages that are in wide use on the Internet.)
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(ough 4.9)-.18 E F2 .604(The alpha-test group w)97 292.8 R .604(as e)-.1
F .603(xtremely helpful in furnishing impro)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .603
(ments, \214nding and repairing b).15 F(ugs,)-.2 E .843
(and being patient.)72 304.8 R 3.343(Iw)5.843 G .844(ould lik)-3.443 F
3.344(et)-.1 G 3.344(oe)-3.344 G .844
(xpress special thanks to Brian Reid of Digital Equipment corporation)
-3.494 F .024(for funding this w)72 316.8 R 2.524(ork. Robert)-.1 F .023
(Elz, Alan Barrett, P)2.524 F .023(aul Albitz, Bryan Beecher)-.15 F
2.523(,A)-.4 G(ndre)-2.523 E 2.523(wP)-.25 G .023(artan, Andy Cheren-)
-2.673 F 1.097(son, T)72 328.8 R 1.098(om Limoncelli, Berthold P)-.8 F
(af)-.15 E 1.098(frath, Fuat Baran, Anant K)-.25 F(umar)-.15 E 3.598(,A)
-.4 G 1.098(rt Harkin, W)-3.598 F 1.098(in T)-.4 F 1.098(reese, Don Le)
-.35 F(wis,)-.25 E 1.606(Christophe W)72 340.8 R 1.606
(olfhugel, and a cast of dozens all helped out abo)-.8 F 1.906 -.15
(ve a)-.15 H 1.606(nd be).15 F 1.606(yond the call of duty)-.15 F 6.605
(.S)-.65 G(pecial)-6.605 E .702
(thanks to Phil Almquist, who got the project started and contrib)72
352.8 R .703(uted a lot of the code and \214x)-.2 F .703(ed se)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .703(ral of).15 F(the w)72 364.8 Q(orst b)-.1 E(ugs.)-.2
E F0 -.55(AC)193.745 400.8 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 thr)-.5 E
(ough 4.8.3)-.18 E F2(Man)97 417 Q 2.916(yt)-.15 G .416
(hanks to the users at U. C. Berk)-2.916 F(ele)-.1 E 2.916(yf)-.15 G
.416(or f)-2.916 F .415(alling into man)-.1 F 2.915(yo)-.15 G 2.915(ft)
-2.915 G .415(he holes in)-2.915 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .415
(ed with inte)-.15 F(grat-)-.15 E .467
(ing BIND into the system so that others w)72 429 R .467
(ould be spared the trauma.)-.1 F 2.968(Iw)5.468 G .468(ould also lik)
-3.068 F 2.968(et)-.1 G 2.968(oe)-2.968 G .468(xtend gratitude)-3.118 F
.461(to Jim McGinness and Digital Equipment Corporation for permitting me to spend most of my time on this)
72 441 R(project.)72 453 Q .924(Ralph Campbell, Doug Kingston, Craig P)
97 469.2 R .925(artridge, Smoot Carl-Mitchell, Mik)-.15 F 3.425(eM)-.1 G
.925(uuss and e)-3.425 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ryone).15 E .081(else on the D)
72 481.2 R(ARP)-.4 E 2.581(AI)-.92 G .081(nternet who has contrib)-2.581
F .081(uted to the de)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .08(lopment of BIND.).15 F
1.68 -.8(To t)5.08 H .08(he members of the orig-).8 F
(inal BIND project, Douglas T)72 493.2 Q(erry)-.7 E 2.5(,M)-.65 G(ark P)
-2.5 E(ainter)-.15 E 2.5(,D)-.4 G -.2(av)-2.5 G
(id Riggle and Songnian Zhou.).2 E 1.14
(Anne Hughes, Jim Bloom and Kirk McK)97 509.4 R 1.14(usick and the man)
-.15 F 3.64(yo)-.15 G 1.14(thers who ha)-3.64 F 1.44 -.15(ve r)-.2 H
-.25(ev).15 G(ie).25 E 1.14(wed this paper)-.25 F(gi)72 521.4 Q
(ving considerable advice.)-.25 E 1.021(This w)97 537.6 R 1.021(ork w)
-.1 F 1.021(as sponsored by the Defense Adv)-.1 F 1.021
(anced Research Projects Agenc)-.25 F 3.52(y\()-.15 G 1.02
(DoD\), Arpa Order)-3.52 F .786(No. 4871 monitored by the Na)72 549.6 R
-.25(va)-.2 G 3.287(lE).25 G .787
(lectronics Systems Command under contract No. N00039-84-C-0089.)-3.287
F 1.21(The vie)72 561.6 R 1.209(ws and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be inter)
-.25 F(-)-.2 E 2.264(preted as representing of)72 573.6 R 2.264
(\214cial policies, either e)-.25 F 2.265
(xpressed or implied, of the Defense Research Projects)-.15 F(Agenc)72
585.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, o)-.15 H 2.5(ft).65 G(he US Go)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rnment, or of Digital Equipment Corporation.).15 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-29)A(REFERENCES)254.385 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Roman@0
SF 36.73([Birrell] Birrell,)72 124.2 R .001(A. D., Le)2.501 F .001
(vin, R., Needham, R. M., and Schroeder)-.25 F 2.501(,M)-.4 G
(.D., \231Grape)-2.501 E(vine: An Ex)-.25 E(ercise)-.15 E(in Distrib)144
136.2 Q(uted Computing.)-.2 E 5<9a49>-.7 G(n)-5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(Comm. A.C.M. 25,)2.5 E F2(4:260-274 April 1982.)2.5 E 28.94
([RFC819] Su,)72 152.4 R 4.586(Z. Postel,)4.586 F 2.086
(J., \231The Domain Naming Con)4.586 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.087
(ntion for Internet User Applications.).15 F<9a>-.7 E F3 2.925
(Internet Request F)144 164.4 R 2.925(or Comment 819)-1.05 F F2(Netw)
5.424 E 2.924(ork Information Center)-.1 F 5.424(,S)-.4 G 2.924
(RI International,)-5.424 F(Menlo P)144 176.4 Q(ark, California.)-.15 E
(August 1982.)5 E 28.94([RFC974] P)72 192.6 R .933
(artridge, C., \231Mail Routing and The Domain System.)-.15 F<9a>-.7 E
F3 .933(Internet Request F)5.933 F .933(or Comment)-1.05 F(974)144 204.6
Q F2(Netw)3.998 E 1.498(ork Information Center)-.1 F 3.998(,S)-.4 G
1.498(RI International, Menlo P)-3.998 F 1.497(ark, California.)-.15 F
(February)6.497 E(1986.)144 216.6 Q 23.94([RFC1032] Stahl,)72 232.8 R
.202(M., \231Domain Administrators Guide\232)2.702 F F3 .202
(Internet Request F)2.702 F .202(or Comment 1032)-1.05 F F2(Netw)2.702 E
(ork)-.1 E(Information Center)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,S)-.4 G
(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(No)5 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1033] Lottor)72 261 R 4.01(,M)-.4
G 1.51(., \231Domain Administrators Guide\232)-4.01 F F3 1.51
(Internet Request F)4.01 F 1.51(or Comment 1033)-1.05 F F2(Net-)4.01 E
-.1(wo)144 273 S(rk Information Center).1 E 2.5(,S)-.4 G
(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(No)5 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1034] Mockapetris,)72 289.2 R
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.935(or Com-)-1.05 F 3.072(ment 1034)144 301.2 R F2(Netw)5.571 E 3.071
(ork Information Center)-.1 F 5.571(,S)-.4 G 3.071
(RI International, Menlo P)-5.571 F 3.071(ark, California.)-.15 F(No)144
313.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1035] Mockapetris,)72
329.4 R -1.11(P.)3.138 G 3.139<2c99>1.11 G .639
(Domain Names - Implementation and Speci\214cation.)-3.139 F<9a>-.7 E F3
.639(Internet Request)5.639 F -1.05(Fo)144 341.4 S 2.889(rC)1.05 G .389
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2.889(,S)-.4 G .389(RI International, Menlo P)-2.889 F .389
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(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1101] Mockapetris,)72 369.6 R -1.11(P.)2.853
G 2.853<2c99>1.11 G .353(DNS Encoding of Netw)-2.853 F .354
(ork Names and Other T)-.1 F(ypes.)-.8 E<9a>-.7 E F3 .354
(Internet Request)5.354 F -1.05(Fo)144 381.6 S 2.889(rC)1.05 G .389
(omment 1101)-2.889 F F2(Netw)2.889 E .389(ork Information Center)-.1 F
2.889(,S)-.4 G .389(RI International, Menlo P)-2.889 F .389
(ark, Califor)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(nia. April)144 393.6 R(1989.)2.5 E
23.94([RFC1123] R.)72 409.8 R .293(Braden, Editor)2.793 F 2.793<2c99>-.4
G .294(Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support\232)
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(or Comment 1123)-1.05 F F2(Netw)2.869 E .369(ork Information Center)-.1
F 2.869(,S)-.4 G .369(RI International, Menlo P)-2.869 F(ark,)-.15 E 2.5
(California. October)144 433.8 R(1989.)2.5 E 23.94([RFC1183] Ev)72 450 R
1.525(erhart, C., Mamak)-.15 F 1.526
(os, L., Ullmann, R., and Mockapetris, P)-.1 F 1.526(., \231Ne)-1.11 F
4.026(wD)-.25 G 1.526(NS RR De\214ni-)-4.026 F(tions\232)144 462 Q F3
1.688(Internet Request F)4.188 F 1.688(or Comment 1183)-1.05 F F2(Netw)
4.188 E 1.688(ork Information Center)-.1 F 4.188(,S)-.4 G 1.688
(RI Interna-)-4.188 F(tional, Menlo P)144 474 Q(ark, California.)-.15 E
(October 1990.)5 E 23.94([RFC1327] Hardcastle-Kille,)72 490.2 R .805
(S., \231Mapping between X.400\(1988\) / ISO 10021 and RFC 822\232)3.305
F F3(Inter)3.306 E(-)-.2 E 1.215(net Request F)144 502.2 R 1.215
(or Comment 1327)-1.05 F F2(Netw)3.715 E 1.215(ork Information Center)
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514.2 S(rk, California.).15 E(May 1992.)5 E 23.94([RFC1664] Allocchio,)
72 530.4 R .14(C., Bonito, A., Cole, B., Giordano, S., Hagens, R., \231Using the Internet DNS to)
2.64 F(Distrib)144 542.4 Q .263(ute RFC1327 Mail Address Mapping T)-.2 F
(ables\232)-.8 E F3 .263(Internet Request F)2.763 F .263
(or Comment 1664)-1.05 F F2(Netw)144 554.4 Q(ork Information Center)-.1
E 2.5(,S)-.4 G(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E
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F .173(ools for DNS deb)-.8 F(ugging\232)-.2 E F3 .173
(Internet Request F)2.673 F .174(or Comment 1713, also FYI27)-1.05 F F2
(Netw)144 582.6 Q .019(ork Information Center)-.1 F 2.519(,S)-.4 G .019
(RI International, Menlo P)-2.519 F .019(ark, California.)-.15 F(No)
5.019 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .018(mber 1994.).15 F([T)72 598.8 Q 41.33
(erry] T)-.7 F(erry)-.7 E 4.677(,D)-.65 G 4.677(.B)-4.677 G 2.178(., P)
-4.677 F(ainter)-.15 E 4.678(,M)-.4 G 2.178(., Riggle, D. W)-4.678 F
2.178(., and Zhou, S.,)-.92 F F3 2.178(The Berk)4.678 F(ele)-.1 E 4.678
(yI)-.3 G 2.178(nternet Name)-4.678 F .747(Domain Server)144 610.8 R(.)
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3.247(eC)-.1 G(ity)-3.247 E 3.247(,U)-.65 G 3.247(tah. June)-3.247 F
(1984, pages 23-31.)144 622.8 Q 41.73([Zhou] Zhou,)72 639 R(S.,)2.745 E
F3 .246(The Design and Implementation of the Berk)2.745 F(ele)-.1 E
2.746(yI)-.3 G .246(nternet Name Domain \(BIND\))-2.746 F(Server)144 651
Q(s.)-.1 E F2 .465(UCB/CSD 84/177.)5.465 F(Uni)5.465 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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2.5 E 12.85([Mockapetris] Mockapetris,)72 679.2 R -1.11(P.)3.462 G 3.462
(,D)1.11 G .962(unlap, K,)-3.462 F F3(De)3.463 E .963
(velopment of the Domain Name System)-.15 F F2 -.4(AC)3.463 G 3.463(MC)
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4.558(w1)-.25 G 2.058(8, 4:123-133.)-4.558 F 2.057(Proceedings A)7.058 F
2.057(CM SIGCOMM '88)-.4 F(Sympo-)7.057 E(sium, August 1988.)144 703.2 Q
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-30 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 48.95([Liu] Liu,)72 96 R 1.09
(C., Albitz, P)3.59 F(.,)-1.11 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.09
(DNS and BIND)3.59 F F2 1.09
(O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, 502 pages,)3.59 F
(ISBN 0-937175-82-X 1992)144 108 Q EP
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